ACPD. (2017) Comprehensive Annual Reporton Public Diplomacy and International Broadcasting, Washington D.C.: U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy.
Bailey, K. D. (1994) Methods of Social Research. New York: The Free Press.
BBC News. (2007, October 31) Key Bush image adviser to leave, BBC World Website.
BBC News. (2007, October 31), Key Bush Image Adviser to Leave, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7071638.stm
BBG And Broadcast Entity Mission Statements. (1994), BBG.gov: http://www.bbg.gov/our-mission/
Beers, C. (2002 a, May 7) U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab and Muslim Worlds (Remarks at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy), U.S. Department of State Archive Sites.
Beers, C. (2002 b, October 17) Public Service and Public Diplomacy (Address at The Citadel the Military Academy of South Carolina), U.S. Department of State Archive Site.
Bhandari, R., & Belyavina, R. (2010) Evaluating and measuring the impact of citizen diplomacy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Citizenship Diplomacy Summit.
Brooks, S. (2015) Anti-Americanism and the Limits of Public Diplomacy: Winning Hearts and Minds? London: Routledge.
Brown, J. (2007, April 09) Karen Hughes and Her "Diplomacy of Deeds", Common Dreams: https://www.commondreams.org/views/2007/04/09/karen-hughes-and-her-diplomacy-deeds
Bush, G. (2001a, September 17) Guard and Reserves "Define Spirit of America"; Remarks by the President to Employees at the Pentagon, Whitehouse archives.
Bush, G. (2001b, 10 11) Bush on State of War, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/bush_text101101.html
CFR. (2003) Finding America’s Voice: A Strategy for Reinvigorating U.S. Public Diplomacy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
Charter – U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy (2019), https://www.state.gov/charter-u-s-advisory-commission-on-public-diplomacy/
Cragin, K., & Gerwehr, S. (2005) Dissuading Terror: Strategic Influence and the Struggle Against Terrorism. Santa Monica, RAND Corporation.
Dalacoura, K. (2005) US Democracy Promotion in the Arab Middle East Since 11 September 2001: A Critique. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), Vol. 81, No. 5.
Defense Science Board Task Force (2004) Strategic Communication. Washington, D.C: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics.
Djerejian, E. (2003, Jan 21) Changing Minds, Winning Peace: A New Strategic Direction for U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab & Muslim World, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/24882.pdf.
Epstein, S. B., & Mages, L. (2005) Public Diplomacy: A Review of Past Recommendations. CRS. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
Fitzpatrick, K. R. (2011) U.S. Public Diplomacy in a Post-9/11 World: From Messaging to Mutuality. Los Angeles: Figueroa Press.
Fullerton, J. A., & Kendrick, A. (2006) Advertising's war on terrorism: the story of the U.S. State Department's Shared Values Initiative. Milwaukee: Marquette Books.
Fulton, B. (2004, March 18) Taking the Pulse of American Public Diplomacy in a Post-9/11 World, International Studies Association- Paper presented at the annual meeting in Montreal.
GAO-03-951 Public Diplomacy. (2003, September) (DIANE Publishing), U.S. public diplomacy State Department expands efforts but faces significant challenges: report to the Committee on International Relations, House of Representation, https://www.gao.gov/assets/240/239511.pdf
Glassman, J. (2008 a, June 30) Public Diplomacy in the Twenty-First Century, Council on Foreign Relations.
Glassman, J. (2008 b, July 23) Winning the War of Ideas, NY Sun.
Glassman, J. (2008 c, October 3) U.S. Diplomacy, National Press Club- C. Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?281584-1/us-diplomacy
Glassman, J. (2008 d, December 1) Public Diplomacy 2.0: A New Approach to Global Engagement, https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/2008/112605.htm
Glassman, J. (2009, March 5) Washington Post Crashed and Burned Watch. (C. Lozada, Interviewer), https://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2009/03/washington-post-crashed-and-burned-watch.html
H.R.3969 - 107th Congress (2001-2002): Freedom Promotion Act of 2002. (2002, July 23), Congress.gov: https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/3969
Hamilton, L. (2004, August 26) Talk of the Nation. Analysis: Public Diplomacy. (N. Conan, Interviewer) National Public Radio.
Hayden, C. (2007, October) Arguing Public Diplomacy: The Role of Argument Formations in U.S. Foreign Policy Rhetoric. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, Vol. 2.
Hayden, C. (2011) The Rhetoric of Soft Power: Public Diplomacy in Global Contexts. Lexington Books.
Helmke, M. (2003, June 3) The Mess of American Public Diplomacy, www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_10.../helmke.../helmke_pubdipl.html
Hishmeh, G. (2003, July 22) US State Department says ‘Hi’ to Arab youth; Monthly Arabic magazine aims to counter anti-Americanism, win hearts and minds of region’s largest demographic group, The Daily Star.
Hocking, B. (2008) Reconfiguring public diplomacy: from competition to collaboration. In Engagement: Public Diplomacy in a globalised world. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
Holtzman, M. (2003, October 4) Washington's Sour Sales Pitch, The New York Times.
Hughes, K. (2005 a, March 14) Announcement of Nominations of Karen P. Hughes as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and Dina Powell as Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/43385.htm
Hughes, K. (2005 b, September 8) Remarks with Under Secretaiy for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Karen Hughesat Town Hall for Public Diplomacy, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/52748.htm
Hughes, K. (2005 c, October 14) Remarks to the 2005 Forum on the Future o f Public Diplomacy, http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vpOl.cfm?outfit=pmt&folder=7&paper=2510
Hughes, K. (2006, November 16). Medical Diplomacy- Why Mercy Matters Conference, U.S. Department of State, https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/77295.htm
Hyde, H. (2002, JUNE 17) Public Diplomacy: America’s image abroad and about developing new approaches to public diplomacy, c-span.
Johnson, S. (2005, September 30) Public Diplomacy Needs a Commander, Not a Spokesman, Heritage Foundation.
JSGF. (2014) State-USAID Joint Strategic Goal Framework. Washington D.C.: DoS/USAID, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1868/State%20USAID%20Joint%20Strategic%20Plan%202014-04-02.pdf
Kaplan, F. (2005, September 29) Karen Hughes, Stay Home! What on Earth Is She Doing in the Middle East? Slate Magazine.
Kean, T. (2004, August 26) Talk of the Nation. Analysis: Public Diplomacy. (N. Conan, Interviewer) National Public Radio.
Kelley, J. R. (2007) From Monologue to Dialogue? U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Post-9/11 Era (Dissertation). London: Department of International Relations- London School of Economics and Political Science.
Kessler, G. (2006, April 19) Hughes Tries Fine-Tuning to Improve Diplomatic Picture, Washington Post.
Klein, N. (2002, Mar 14) America is not a hamburger: President Bush's attempts to rebrand the United States are doomed, The Guardian.
Kohut, A., & Stokes, B. (2006) America Against the World: How We are Different and Why We are Disliked? New York: Time Books.
Kohut, A. (2003, Feb 27) American Public Diplomacy in the Islamic World, The Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Kristin, L. M. (2007, January 19) Of War and Public Diplomacy, The National Iterest.
Kushner, A. (2009, Jan 12) How to Sell America, Newsweek Magazine.
Kylie, B., & Akbarzadeh, S. (2008) US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Roots of Anti-Americanism. Routledge.
Lacorne, D., & Judt, T. (2005) With Us or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Leonard, M., Stead, C., & Smewing, C. (2002) Public Diplomacy. London: Foreign Policy Centre.
Lord, K. M., & Lynch, M. (2010). America’s Extended Hand: Assessing the Obama Administration’s Global Engagement Strategy. Washington, DC: Center for a New American Security.
Manor, I. (2019) The Digitalization of Public Diplomacy. Palgrave Macmillan.
McFeatters, A. (2001, November 25) Madison Ave. veteran leads U.S. propaganda effort, Post-Gazette National Bureau, http://old.post-gazette.com/headlines/20011125beersnat5p5.asp
McHale, J. (2011 a, June 21) Strengthening U.S. Engagement with the World: A Review of U.S. Public Diplomacy. (J. Rubin, Interviewer) Council on Foreign Relations.
McHale, J. (2011 b, July) Public Diplomacy for the 21st Century. Perspectives, Vol. 3, No. 7.
Melissen, J. (2005) The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice. In J. Melissen, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations (pp. 3-27). New york: Palgrave Macmillan.
Metzgar, E. T. (2013, Nov 21) Talking about Public Diplomacy: Promoting the Conversation. , USC Center on Public Diplomacy: https://www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org/blog/talking-about-public-diplomacy-promoting-conversation
Min-Sun, K. (2002) Non-Western Perspectives on Human Communication: Implications for Theory and Practice. London: Sage.
Nakamura, K., & Epstein, S. (2007) Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy. Washington D.C: Congressional Research Service.
Nakamura, K., & Weed, M. (2009) U.S. Public Diplomacy: Background and Current Issues. Congressional Research Service, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40989.pdf
NFSC. (2010) National Framework for Strategic Communication. Washington, D.C.: The White House, https://fas.org/man/eprint/pubdip.pdf
NFSC. (2012) Update to Congress on National Framework for Strategic Communication. Washington, D.C.: The White House.
NSCT. (2006, September) National Strategy for Combating Terrorism., State.gov: https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/wh/71803.htm
NSPDSC. (2007) U.S. National Strategy for Public Diplomacy and Strategic Communication. Washington D.C.: Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy- Policy Coordinating Committee (PCC).
NSS. (2010) National Security Strategy. Washington D.C.: The White House.
NSS. (2015) National Security Strategy. Washington D.C: The White House.
O’Connor, B., & Griffiths, M. (2006) The Rise of Anti-Americanism. London: Routledge.
Obama, B. (2009 a, May 21) Remarks by the President on National Security, The White House.
Obama, B. (2009 b, June) New begining, The White House.
Obama, B. (2009 c, September 23) Address to the United Nations General Assembly, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-assembly-obama-text-sb/obama-speech-to-u-n-general-assembly-idUSTRE58M3MV20090924
Osgood, K. (2010) The United States and Public Diplomacy: New Directions in Cultural and International History. Netherlands: Brill Publishers.
Pamment, J. (2012) New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century: A Comparative Study of Policy and Practice. London: Routledge.
Pew. (2004 March) A Year After the Iraq War: Mistrust of America in Europe Ever Higher, Muslim Anger Persists. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press., https://www.people-press.org/2004/03/16/a-year-after-iraq-war/
Pew. (2007 June) 5 Global Unease with Major World Powers. Philadelphia: Pew Charitable Trusts, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2007/06/27/global-unease-with-major-world-powers/
Pew. (December, 2001) America Admired, Yet Its New Vulnerability Seen as Good Thing, Say Opinion Leaders; Little Support for Expanding War on Terrorism. Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2001/12/19/america-admired-yet-its-new-vulnerability-seen-as-good-thing-say-opinion-leaders/
Pew. (June 2004) Views of a Changing World 2003: War with Iraq Further Divides Global Publics. Pew Research Center for the People & the Press.
Powell, C. (2003). Hearing on Public Diplomacy. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/LugarStatement030227.pdf
Powers, S., & El Gody, A. (2009) The Lessons of Al Hurra Television. In P. Seib, Toward a New Public Diplomacy (pp. 49-66). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Price, M. (2008, November 6) Changing International Broadcasting in the Obama Era, USC Center on Public Diplomacy: https://www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org/printpdf/22341
QDDR. (2010) Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review. Washington D.C.: Department of State.
QDDR. (2015) Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review. Washington D.C.: Department of State.
Rampton, S. (2007, October 17) Shared Values Revisited, Center for Media and Democracy (CMD): https://www.prwatch.org/node/6465
Reinhard, K. (2006) How to help your country while traveling for your company. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 27, No. 3.
Report of Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy. (November 2007) Changing the Nature and Scope of Public Diplomacy. Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/update/94615.htm
Rhodes, B. (2010, Jan 12) A Year Taking on Unprecedented Challenges Abroad, White house Archives: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2010/01/12/a-year-taking-unprecedented-challenges-abroad
Rice, C. (2005, March 14) Announcement o f Karen Hughes as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and Dina Powell as Assistant Secretary o f State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/43385.htm
Ross, A., & Ross, K. (2004) Anti-Americanism. New York: University Press.
Rugh, W. (2004) Engaging the Arab & Islamic Worlds through Public Diplomacy: A Report and Action Recommendations. Public Diplomacy Council.
Satloff, R. (2004) The Battle of Ideas in the War on Terror: Essays on U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Middle East. Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Seib, P. (2009) Toward a New Public Diplomacy: Redirecting U.S. Foreign Policy. Springer.
Seib, P. (2010) Public Diplomacy and the Obama Moment. Perspectives, 2(3), http://www.layalina.tv/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2010-Mar-Philip-Seib.pdf
SFPD. (2010) Strategic Framework for Public Diplomacy- Public Diplomacy: Strengthening U.S. Engagement with the World: A Strategic Approach for the 21st Century. Washingtn D.C.: Office of the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs.
Sharp, P. (2007) Revolutionary States, Outlaw Regimes and the Techniques of Public Diplomacy. In J. Melissen, The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations (pp. 106–122). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shoichet, C. (2003, 7 15) New Mideast magazine aims to dispel myths, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, http://ajc.printthis.clickability.com/pt/cpt?action=cpt&expire=&urlID=6910618&fb=Y&partnerID=552
Snow, C. (2008) The privatization of U.S. public diplomacy. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Vol. 32, No. 1.
Snow, N. (2004, May 27) U.S. Public Diplomacy: A Tale of Two Who Jumped Ship at State, Foreign Policy in Focus.
Snow, N. (2014) Public Diplomacy: New Dimensions and Implications. In T. McPhail, Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends (pp. 64-79). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Stam, R., & Shohat, E. (2007) Flagging Patriotism: Crises of Narcissism and Anti-Americanism. London: Routledge.
Stewart, D. W. (1984) Secondary Research: Information Sources and Methods. California: Sage.
Teinowitz, I. (2003, September 23) Charlotte Beers and the Selling of America; One Year Later She's Criticized for Not Doing Enough, https://adage.com/article/news/charlotte-beers-selling-america/35830
Teinowitz, I. (2003, September 23) Charlotte Beers and the Selling of America; One Year Later She's Criticized for Not Doing Enough, https://adage.com/article/news/charlotte-beers-selling-america/35830
Telhami, S. (2004, April 29) US Senate Foreign Relations Committee Hearing on The Broadcasting Board of Governors: Finding the Right Media for the Message in the Middle East, https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/TelhamiTestimony040429.pdf
The 9/11 Commission Report (July 2004) https://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf
Tutwiler, M. (2003, October 29) Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/us/27372.htm
U.S. Department of State (April 2004) Iraq One Year Later: Global Media Assessment Largely Negative. Office of Research.
U.S. Department of State (March 2003) Views from the Muslim World: Opposition to U.S. Foreign Policy Contrasts with Admiration for American Innovation and Education. Office of Research.
U.S. State Department. (2005) Cultural Diplomacy: The Linchpin of Public Diplomacy, Report of the Advisory Committee on Cultural Diplomacy. Washington, D.C.: State Department.
USAGM Middle East Broadcasting Networks. (2005), United States Agency for Global Media: https://www.usagm.gov/networks/mbn/
Walczak, L. (2003, April 21) American & the World with victory in Iraq Near, All Sides Must Focus on Repairing Relation, Business Week.
Walt, S. (2005) The Global Response to American Power: Can Higher Education Help? Harvard University, http://forum.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ff0602S.pdf
Washington Post. (2005, July 30) Karen Hughes Confirmed for State Dept. Post., Washingtonpost.com.
Weekly Standard. (2004, May 24) Who's Afraid of Abu Ghraib? https://www.weeklystandard.com/reuel-marc-gerecht/whos-afraid-of-abu-ghraib
White House fact sheet in support for civil society. (2015, September 29) (Office of the Press Secretary) , https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/fact-sheet-us-support-civil-society
Wolf, C., & Rosen, B. (2004) Public Diplomacy: How to Think About and Improve It. RAND Corporation.
Wolf, C., & Rosen, B. (2004) Public Diplomacy: How to Think About and Improve It. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation.
Zaharna, R. S. (2004) Asymmetry of Cultural Styles and the Unintended Consequences of Crisis Public Diplomacy. In H. Slavik, Intercultural Communication and Diplomacy (pp. 133–142). Malta: Diplo Foundation.
Zaharna, R. S. (2007) The Soft Power Differential: Network Communication and Mass Communication in Public Diplomacy, Hague Journal of Diplomacy, Vol. 2, No. 2.
Zaharna, R. S. (2009 a, Mar 16) Obama, U.S. Public Diplomacy and the Islamic World. World Politics Review, 1-9.
Zaharna, R. S. (2009 b) Mapping out a Spectrum of Public Diplomacy: Information and Relational Communication Frameworks. In N. Snow, & P. M. Taylor, Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy (pp. 86-100). New York: Routledge.
Zaharna, R. S. (2010) Battles to Bridges: US Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy after 9 11, London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
Zaharna, R. S. (2011, March 15-19) Relational Spheres and the Primacy of Domestic and Diaspora Publics in Global Public Diplomacy. International Studies Association Conference, 1-36.
Zaharna, R. S., Arsenault, A., & Fisher, A. (2013) Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy: The Connective Mindshift. New York: Routledge.
Zogby International. (2002) What Arabs Think: Values, Beliefs, and Concerns. Washington D.C.: Zogby International.
Zogby International (2004) Impressions of America 2004: How Arabs View America; How Arabs Learn About America, A Six-Nation Survey. Zogby- The Arab American Institute, https://www.aaiusa.org/impressions-of-america-2004
Zogby International. (2006, December) Continuing Conflict in Iraq and Palestine Deepens U.S.-Arab Rift with Growing Costs to Both Sides. Utica, New York: Zogby- The Arab American Institute, https://www.aaiusa.org/5-nation-survey-of-the-middle-east
)
