سیاست خارجی بایدن در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه پیام نور

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

جو بایدن، قبل و بعد از انتخابات، یکی از اولویت‏ های سیاست خارجی خود را تدوین و تعقیب سیاست نوین آمریکا در قبال ایران اعلام کرده است. در کانون «سیاست ایران» بایدن نیز بازگشت به برجام قرار دارد. با این حال، در مورد چیستی و چگونگی این سیاست و بازگشت آمریکا به برجام ابهاماتی وجود دارد. از این رو، در این مقاله تلاش می ‏شود به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود که سیاست خارجی بایدن نسبت به ایران چه ماهیت، مؤلفه‏ ها و مختصاتی دارد و چگونه خواهد بود؟ با روش مطالعه اسنادی و تحلیل گفتارها، مکتوبات و مواضع اعلامی بایدن و تیم سیاست خارجی او، استدلال می‏ شود که گفتمان سیاست خارجی بایدن «بین‏ الملل‏ گرایی لیبرال» است. سیاست هسته ‏ای بایدن نیز بر پایۀ پیوند موضوعی و مرحله‏ ای مبنی بر بازگشت به برجام در گام نخست، تقویت و توسعۀ مفاد و طولانی‏ ترکردن زمان آن در گام دوم و تسری آن به برنامۀ موشکی و نفوذ منطقه ‏ای ایران در گام سوم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biden's Foreign Policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Firoozeh Radfar 1
  • Sayyed Jalal Dehghani Firooz Abadi 2
1 Payame Noor University
2 Allameh Tabataba'i University
چکیده [English]

Before and after the election, Joe Biden has stated that one of his foreign policy
priorities is to formulate and pursue a new US policy towards Iran. At the heart of
Biden's "Iranian politics" is his return to JCPOA. However, there are ambiguities about
nature and quality of this policy and also USA return to JCPOA. Therefore, this article
tries to answer this question: What are the nature, components and coordinates of
Biden's foreign policy towards Iran and what will it be like? By documentary study
method and analyzing the speeches, letters, and statements made by Biden and his
foreign policy team, it is argued that Biden's foreign policy discourse is "liberal
internationalism." His nuclear policy is also based on a thematic and step-by-step link
to return to the JCPOA in the first step, strengthen and expand its provisions and
extend its time in the second step, and finally extend it to the missile program and
Iran's regional influence in the third step.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
  • Liberal Internationalism
  • Liberal Institutionalism
  • Multilateralism
  • Trans-Atlanticism
  • Human Rights
  • Democracy Expansion
  • International Interventionism
  • Maximum Pressure
Bell, Duncan (2016) Liberal internationalism, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/ topic/liberal-internationalism. access date: December 10, 2020.
Berman, Russell A. (2020) How the Biden Administration Can Implement Effective Human-Rights Initiatives, The National Interest.
Biden, Joe (2020) There's a smarter way to be tough on Iran, https://edition.cnn.com/ 2020/09/13/opinions/smarter-way-to-be-tough-on-iran-joe-biden/index.html.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2016) Building on Success: Opportunities for the Next Administration, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2016-08-07/building-success.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2018) Foreign Affairs Issue Launch with Joe Biden, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/node/1126638.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2020) Why America Must Lead Again: Rescuing U.S. Foreign Policy After Trump, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-01-23/why-america-must-lead-again.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2021) The Power of America’s Example: The Biden Plan for Leading the Democratic World to Meet the Challenges of the 21st Century, https://joebiden.com/americanleadership/.
Blinken, Antony J. (2016), Multilateral Diplomacy in the Modern World: A Conversation with Tony Blinken, https://www.cfr.org/event/multilateral-diplomacy-modern-world-conversation-tony-blinken.
Blinken, Antony J. and Kagan, Robert (2019) America First’ is only making the world worse. Here’s a better approach, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/america-first-is-only-making-the-world-worse-heres-a-better-approach/2019/01/01/1272367c-079f-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html.
Blinken, Antony (2021) Top US diplomat Blinken sees Long Road to Iran Deal, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1799626/middle-east.
Bloch, Agneska and Goldgeier, James (2020) Reviving the trans-Atlantic relationship, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/11/17/reviving-the-trans-atlantic-relationship/.
Brennan, David (2020), As Biden Seeks New Iran Deal, Zarif Warns He Must Accept 'Transition of Power' to East, https://www.newsweek.com/biden-iran-deal-zarif-1548293.
Brennan, David (2020) Iran Says Trump Foreign Policy Among 'Most Unsuccessful' in U.S. History as Uranium Stockpile Blows Limit, https://www.newsweek.com/iran-says-trump-foreign-policy-most-unsuccessful-us-history-uranium-stockpile-blows-limit-1548311.
Brennan, David (2020) What Antony Blinken Has Said about Key Foreign Policy Issues, https://www.newsweek.com/what-antony-blinken-said-about-key-foreign-policy-issues-1549404.
Burns, William and Sullivan, Jake (2020) We Led Successful Negotiations with Iran. Trump’s Approach Isn’t Working, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Burns, William (2019) The Back Channel: A Memoir of American Diplomacy and the Case for Its Renewal, New York: Random House.
Burns, William (2019) An End to Magical Thinking in the Middle East, https://www.theatlantic.com /ideas/archive/2019/12/end-magical-thinking-middle-east/602953/.
Burns, William (2020) The United States Needs a New Foreign Policy, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/united-states-needs-new-foreign-policy/614110/.
Burns, William (2020) America First’ Enters Its Most Combustible Moment, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/ archive/2020/08/america-first-enters-its-most-combustible-moment/615808/.
Caporaso, J. (1992) International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations, International Organization, 46(3).
Clapton, William (2014) Risk and Hierarchy in International Society: Liberal Interventionism in the Post-Cold War Era, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clapton, William and Hameiri, Shahar (2012) The Domestic Politics of International Hierarchy: Risk Management and the Reconstitution of International Society, International Politics, 49(1).
Clemons, Steve (2016) The Biden Doctrine: Has the vice president made a lasting contribution in foreign policy? https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/08/biden-doctrine/496841/.
Cox, Robert W. (1997) The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Drezner, Daniel W. (2006) What is liberal internationalism?, Foreign Policy.
Fouskas, Vassilis K. and Gökay, Bülent (2019) The Disintegration of Euro-Atlanticism and New Authoritarianism, Switzerland AG: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fried, Daniel (2020) How Tony Blinken sees America, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/fastthinking/how-tony-blinken-sees-america-biden-secretary-of-state/.
Friedman, Thomas L. (2020) Biden: ‘We’re Going to Fight Like Hell by Investing in America First’, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/ opinion/biden-interview-mcconnell-china-iran.html.
Friedman, Thomas L. (2020) Dear Joe, It’s Not About Iran’s Nukes Anymore, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/29/opinion/iran-biden-nuclear-scientist.html.
Gardner, Anthony Luzzatto (2020) Stars with Stripes: The Essential Partnership between the European Union and the United States, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Geranmayeh, Ellie (2020) Course Correction in US-Iranian Relations: A Road Map for the Biden Administration, https://ecfr.eu/article/course-correction-in-us-iranian-relations-a-road-map-for-the-biden-administration/.
Goldenberg, Ilan (2020) Returning to the Deal: The View from Washington.
Goldenberg, Ilan, Catalano Ewer, Elisa and Thomas, Kaleigh (2020) Reengaging Iran: A New Strategy for the United States, Center for a New American Security.
Hanafi, Hassan (1997) An Islamic Approach to Multilateralism, in Cox, Robert W. (eds.) The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harb, Ali (2020), Who is Tony Blinken, Biden's incoming secretary of state?, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-tony-blinken-biden-pick-secretary-state.
Herszenhorn, David M. and Momtaz, Rym (2020) 9 things to know about Antony Blinken, the next US secretary of state, https://www.politico.eu/article/nine-things-to-think-about-antony-blinken/.
Ikenberry, G. John and Kupchan, Charles (2004) Liberal Realism: The Foundations of a Democratic Foreign Policy, The National Interest.
Ikenberry, G. John (2009) Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order, Perspectives on Politics, 7(1).
Ikenberry, G. John (2018) The End of Liberal International Order?, International Affairs, 94(1).
Jahn, Beate (2013) Liberal Internationalism: Theory, History, Practice, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jain, Ash and Pascal, Alex (2020) Alliances First: Joe Biden’s Historic Opportunity to Reshape Global Order, The National Interest.  
Jamerson, Joshua (2020) Biden National Security Adviser Sees U.S. Rejoining Iran Nuclear Deal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-national-security-adviser-sees-u-s-rejoining-iran-nuclear-deal-11607399179.
Jervis, Robert, Gavin, Joshua, Rovner, Francis and Labrosse, Diana N., Fujii, George (2018) Chaos in the Liberal Order: The Trump Presidency and International Politics in the Twenty-first Century, New York: Columbia University Press.
Keohane, R. O. (1990) Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research. International Journal, 45(4).
Keohane, Robert O. 2012. Twenty Years of Institutional Liberalism, International Relations, 26(2).
Kupchan, Charles A. (2020) Isolationism: A History of America’s Efforts to Shield Itself from the World, New York: Oxford University Press.
Lake, Eli (2020) Trump’s Iran Policy Can Be an Opportunity for Biden, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/ articles/2020-11-08/trump-s-iran-policy-can-be-an-opportunity-for-biden.
Larison, Daniel (2020) Understanding Iran’s Foreign Policy, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/understanding-irans-foreign-policy/.
Larison, Daniel (2020) Tony Blinken: The Good, the Bad, and Potentially Ugly, https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/11/23/tony-blinken-the-good-the-bad-and-potentially-ugly/.
Lemon, Jason (2020) Biden Tells France's Macron He Wants to Cooperate on Iran Policy, Iranian President Says New Admin Must 'Make Up for Past Mistakes', https://www.newsweek.com/biden-tells-frances-macron-he-wants-cooperate-iran-policy-iranian-president-says-new-admin-must-1546487.
Lepgold, Joseph and Nincic, Miroslav (2001) Beyond the Ivory Tower: International Relations Theory and the Issue of Policy Relevance, New York: Columbia University Press.
Michael R. Pompeo (2018) After the Deal A New Iran Strategy, https://www.state.gov/after-the-deal-a-new-iran-strategy/.
Miller, Aaron David and Sokolsky, Richard (2020) Biden Must Craft a Foreign Policy for a World the U.S. Doesn’t Rule, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/11/19/joe-biden-foreign-policy-iran-china-438276.
Nye, Jr., Joseph S. (2020) Can Joe Biden’s America Be Trusted?, Dec 4, 2020. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/can-joe-biden-restore-trust-in-america-by-joseph-s-nye-2020-12.
Nye, Jr., Joseph S. (2006) Progressive Realism, https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/progressive-realism.
Paris, Roland (1997) Peace building and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism, International Security, 22(2).
Parsi, Trita (2020) The clock starts now: Biden Must Make the Right Signals to Iran on Nuke Deal, https://quincyinst.org/2020/11/16/the-clock-starts-now-biden-must-make-the-right-signals-to-iran-on-nuke-deal/.
Patrick, Stewart M. (2020) Making America Decent Again: Biden and the Future of U.S. Human Rights Policy, https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/29219/making-america-decent-again-biden-and-the-future-of-u-s-human-rights-policy.
Pauly, Robert J. (2016) US Foreign Policy and the Persian Gulf: Safeguarding American Interests through Selective Multilateralism, London and New York: Routledge.
Ross, Dennis (2020) How Biden’s Iran Policy Can Have a Chance to Succeed, https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/how-biden-s-iran-policy-can-have-a-chance-to-succeed-1.1541134.
Rubin, Michael (2020) Iran: Why Now Is Not the Time to Abandon Maximum Pressure, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/iran-why-now-not-time-abandon-maximum-pressure-173955.
Slavin, Barbara (2020) U.S. Hostility with Iran Only Serves Hardliners on Both Sides, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/19/biden-iran-united-states-share-interests-hardliners/.
Smith, Karen E. and Laatikainen, Katie Verlin (2020) Group Politics in UN Multilateralism, Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Sullivan, Jake (2019) What Donald Trump and Dick Cheney Got Wrong About America, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine /archive/2019/01/yes-america-can-still-lead-the-world/576427/.
Sullivan, Jake (2019) From Theory to Practice: An Interview with Jake Sullivan, World Outlook at the John Sloan Dickey Center.
Tharoor, Ishaan (2020) Trump’s Iran agenda is about to end in failure, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/11/17/trump-iran-pressure-biden-nuclear/.
Tom, O'Connor (2020) Biden and Iran Both Want Nuclear Deal, Here's What Stands In Their Way, https://www.newsweek.com/bide-iran-want-nuclear-deal-standing-way-1546356.
United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2020), Biden Foreign Policy Team on Iran, https://www.usip.org/events/joe-bidens-tough-challenges-iran.
United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Joe Biden on Iran, https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2020/nov/09 /joe-biden-iran.
Vakil, Sanam (2020) A Regional Security Process for the Middle East, in: Vinjamuri, Leslie (Ed), US Foreign Policy Priorities: What Difference Can an Election Make?, Chatham House.
Walker, Ronald A. (2004) Multilateral Conferences Purposeful International Negotiation, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Walt, Stephen (2020) Biden Sees the A-Team. I See the Blob, https://foreignpolicy .com/2020/12/11/biden-sees-the-a-team-i-see-the-blob/.
World Politics Review (2020) U.S. Foreign Policy Under Biden Presidency, https://worldpoliticsreview.s3.amazonaws.com/WPR-Biden-Presidency-US-Foreign-Policy-103020.pdf.
Wright, Robin (2020) The Seven Pillars of Biden’s Foreign Policy, https://www.newyorker .com/news/our-columnists/the-seven-pillars-of-bidens-foreign-policy.
Wright, Robert (2006) An American Foreign Policy That Both Realists and Idealists Should Fall in Love With, https://www.nytimes.com /2006/07/16/opinion/16wright.html.
Wright, Robert (2016) American Foreign Policy Has an Empathy Problem, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/ american-foreign-policy-has-an-empathy-problem/.
Wright, Robert and Echols, Connor (2020) Progressive Realism; Grading Biden’s Foreign Policy Team: Tony Blinken, https://nonzero.org/ post/biden-forpol-team-1-blinken.