Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract This Study shows that U.S. public diplomacy toward the Muslim World has undergone a "strategic shift" after experiencing the pathologies of its past inefficiencies. The focus of U.S. public diplomacy agents has shifted from trying to distribute a coherent system of "messages" to consolidating resources to create an interconnected network of "relationships." Unlike in the past, which the audience of the U.S. public diplomacy in a "One-way" and "Information-based" process which has a certain number of "passive, single and hesitant viewers, readers and listeners" for American television networks, magazines, websites and radio channels; In the new situation, there is a "Two-way" and "Relation-based" process, in which a significant network of "active, like-minded and organized participants" are the target audience of U.S. public diplomacy. The partnership is part of the U.S. social, economic, political, and human rights Initiatives. According to the documents these activists set up a "network of strategic partners" for the United States and will be "Agents of Change" in their transitional societies.

Abstract The studies conducted as part of this article show that the network of intellectuals created by the United States during the Cold War realized the ineffectiveness of a hardline and negative approach to opinions of the left and moved to provide an internal reading of it as the "non-communist left" by adopting a soft and affirmative attitude, while recognizing this orientation. By developing and supporting this idea, which transforms communism within itself and criticizes it while epistemically belonging to the left's ideology, this network promoted an alternative model that served the political purpose of institutions of power and their funders, namely curbing the influence of the Soviet Union, while undermining the foundations of the legitimacy of eastern European governments. 
 

Abstract