Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract The basic question of This article is what kind of problems or limitations are in the face of employment the efficient agents in different subject areas based on the second step of the Islamic Revolution statement? and how can reduce these limitations and preserve the discursive principles at the same time? To answer the question, using causal layer analysis methodology, efficient agent indexes in four levels of literal, contextual, discursive and metaphorical are analyzed with critical approach and by explaining the interconnected aberrations in layers, facilitator requirements at each level are extracted for the revolution second step.
 

Abstract  
This article seeks to determine the most important factors that could influence the prospects of Kurdish independence in Iraq in the next decade and to present possible scenarios. To this end, a structural analysis was conducted to determine the major factors as well as the extent of their influence and how much they can be influenced by other factors in a macro-system. The findings of the research have been presented and explained in different sections. The study shows that the support received, international approaches, competitions, and the attitude of the actors involved are, in descending order, the most important factors in the issue of Kurdish independence. The power and cohesion of the central government and differences or strategic cohesion of the Kurds are two key uncertainties shaping the scenarios of Kurdish independence. Four scenarios for Kurdish independence have been presented in this article.  
 
 

Abstract Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the hostage crisis, a new entity, that is the United States as an enemy, became one of the most revealing and consolidating aspects of the political identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran's establishment. With a focus on the role of political identity, this article seeks to answer the question why the Islamic Republic of Iran still insists on not having relations with the United States and refuses to make compromises with it despite all the US-led structural pressure now that four decades have passed since the victory of the revolution. The views of political realists have been used to answer this question. Political realists maintain that the friend-enemy distinction is the essence and core tenet of politics. They also argue that the strong and innate need of groups and entities to maintain a political identity rather than a structure or a desire for power underlies this distinction and emphasize the need to keep a distance from the enemy in order to survive and pursue own objectives.

Abstract

Politicization of intelligence is a perilous phenomenon in both covert and overt form, which  has dangerous impacts on intelligence organization and political system. Politicization weakens and distorts intelligence analysis and intelligence estimates. Author claims that the most important of these distortions are radical subjectivity and interpretive in analysis. This deviation first acts as a cause of failure and mal-function of intelligence and in turn causes dis-identification of intelligence before policy-makers (consumers) and public opinion. Subjectivity and interpretivism may cause positive anthropy in political system which could be a factor of surprise and failure of policies of government.