Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract This study deals with the reasons of historiography of intelligence organization in political systems, a history in which much of it has been hidden from view either because of covert secrecy in intelligence activities or because of political considerations or neglect. In this study, we seek to answer the question, "How does writing and recording the history of intelligence services help national security?" The purpose of this study is to clarify the dimensions of historiography of intelligence organizations and its impact on national security. The required data were collected through secondary sources and then interviews with six experts on the subject were conducted. Data were also analyzed by thematic analysis using open coding, axial coding and selective coding. For this purpose, first the role of intelligence organizations in state craft is discussed and then the seven reasons for the historiography of intelligence organizations that are the result of research are introduced under three main dimensions.

Abstract Putting managers with political affiliations in charge of state organizations have both pros and cons for policy makers. Appointment of administrative and executive managers in order to ensure political commitment to the defined strategies with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the executive system on the one hand and rapid emergence of politicization that leads to reduced efficiency of the executive system on the other hand have exposed serious contradictions in the country's administrative affairs. Using inductive reasoning and a data-based approach as well as interviews and secondary sources, this article attempts to investigate the link between the political commitment of the establishment's administrative staff and the efficiency of the political system as well as the negative implications of politicization for the efficiency of the executive system. The main question asked in this article is what the implications of politicization of the country's executive system are for its efficiency. However, we should first provide an answer to this question: How do political appointments affect the efficiency of the political system?
 
 

Abstract This article, after a brief review of causes of secrecy in state administrations, especially in intelligence agencies, tries to describe secrecy’s status in the identity of intelligence. Author, in response to the question of research, has two competing hypothesis. The main hypothesis argues that secrecy is an ontological characteristic of intelligence. In contrast, the second hypothesis describes secrecy an instrument of intelligence operations. After arguments for and against the hypoethses, author concludes that secrecy is indispensible part to intelligence and must be considefed as an ontological characteristic.

Abstract

which brings about revolution in open source intelligence, challenge intelligence ontologically? Author first describes the basic concepts, and then explains transformations in Open source intelligence as one of the collection methods. To answer the question,  He analyses information revolution and open source revolution effects odd different aspects of intelligence such as: transparency, accountability, secrecy, relation between intelligence producer and consumer of intelligence. He claims that open source revolution restricts monopoly of intelligence production by intelligence organizations and decreases the level of secrecy. Author also assumes that multitude of information available in information revolution era, makes some uncertainties on validity and reliability of data.