Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Introduction
In recent decades, the concept of a security governance model—where public and private sectors collaborate with the government to provide security—has drawn significant interest. Its potential impact on reducing security costs has prompted scholars in the field of politics and security across various countries to explore its characteristics, implementation methods, influencing factors, and underlying foundations.
While limited theoretical and practical work has been conducted on this issue, it appears that political parties play a crucial role in security governance within different societies, including Iran. Recognizing their significance in providing security, both the broader political society and security practitioners should prioritize their establishments in programs and policies to ensure comprehensive security.
This paper aims to examine the influence of political parties on security governance. It assumes that political parties significantly impact security governance through functions such as promoting accountability, fostering culturalization, and facilitating coordination among security agencies (which form the foundations of security governance). Additionally, political parties contribute to increased participation from public and private sectors, resource accumulation for providing security, and the advancement of decentralized policy-making and decision-making (which serve as indicators of effective security governance).
Methodology
This study adopts the theory of structure-agent or structuration. According to this approach, both structuralism and voluntarism represent single-causal and simplistic views that fail to fully analyze complex events in human society. Consequently, a synthesis of these perspectives is necessary. While structuralism emphasizes the supremacy of structures, attributing socio-political events to their influence, voluntarism takes the opposite stance. In the voluntarism perspective, the role of the human agent is central, and structures are seen as products of voluntary action.
However, the structuration theory adeptly combines these two perspectives in a nuanced and innovative manner, effectively addressing criticisms of the methodology. According to Anthony Giddens, one of the early proponents of this theory, the interaction between agents and structures situates actors within their action environment. Consequently, the outcomes of individual actions are shaped by both the specific actions themselves and the broader contextual framework. These structures play a dual role: they mediate agents’ actions, that is, shaping the conditions within which those actions occur, while also undergoing reconstruction through those very actions.
This paper seeks to examine the role of political parties in security provision within the security governance model, drawing on structuration theory. By adopting this approach, we gain insights into the geographical, cultural, and political structures that either constrain or enhance the influence of political parties in Iran. Additionally, it enables statesmen to grasp the limitations and capabilities of political parties, emphasizing their pivotal role as a decisive factor in achieving effective and comprehensive security within the security governance framework.
Result and Discussion
The initial step toward developing security governance in Iran involves the establishment of robust political parties. Subsequently, socio-cultural structures must be crafted, alongside the realization of security governance indicators. These structures encompass important metrics such as culturalization, public acceptance, coordination, and responsibility. Their significance is such that constructing an effective security governance model hinges upon them.
Governance indicators involve various metrics, including private and public sector participation, decentralized policy implementation and decision-making, resource mobilization for security, geographical decentralization, and the cultivation of a comprehensive security perspective. Consequently, statesmen play a crucial role in recognizing the significance of political parties. Simultaneously, their attention to historical and existing structures is vital for realizing an effective security governance model that aligns with Iran’s present and future context.
The current model of security governance in Iran is both desirable and necessary. It is desirable because citizens have the right to participate in political and security affairs. Moreover, it is necessary due to the complexities of providing security in today's decentralized, complex, and interconnected world. Achieving cost reduction and optimizing security mechanisms require active participation from both the public and private sectors within the security governance framework. Iran, like any other country, is intricately connected to the global network of governance. Therefore, understanding the efficiency and necessity of such a model is crucial. An important question for future research is to what extent the existing political system is prepared to adapt and embrace the requirements and dimensions of the security governance model.
 

Abstract This paper attempts to study the challenges of national security governance, while answering the question "How does the National Security Supreme Council play its role in security governance?". The results are provided by using descriptive-analytical research method and interviewing twelve expert experts using the chain reference method and then preparing and adjusting the questionnaire (with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87) using the key points extracted from the interview and distribution among 30 experts and practitioners in the field of national security. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to analyze the data and check hypotheses, and Friedman's test was used to rank the indicators. The results of the research indicate that the National Security Supreme Council can play its role in the security governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran through three special tasks of policy determination, coordination of actors in the field of governance and mobilization of resources. In fact, the nature of the Council governance is regulatory governance. Also, the findings show that 46 challenges can be identified in these three special tasks, and the most important challenges caused to the Council in these three areas are: the dimension of policy determination (with an average of 39.2 %), the dimension of actor coordination governance arena (with an average of 35.2 %) and resource mobilization dimension (with an average of 27.1 %).

Abstract Formation of the concept of security in Iran, in the most obvious way possible in the constitutionalism era, if not started, at least must be said to have peaked and evolved with a wide range and intensity in the historical-political developments of this land; In a way that in the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of it in the form of security governance has been the basis for scholars to study. However, the concept of security can be traced back to ancient times, when the term was an unknown and unfamiliar phenomenon in theology. The concept of security in this context, in its simple sense, means, order, stability, caution from anxiety and danger emanating from the ruling apparatus. Organizing the relationship between the state or government and the subjects (citizens), or in the post-constitutionalism -the nation- with the aim of expanding the power of the Shah and the continuation of his powerful monarchy, has been an important turning point in the cognitive thinking of security in the Iranian intellectual system.

Abstract In national security governance, security policy-making is the duty of the
government. One of the tools of security management is governmental institutions.
According to the law, the country’s National Security Council is one of the
institutions in charge of national security policy management, which is responsible
for the internal security of the country through the security provision councils and
the relevant commissions in the provinces and cities. The purpose of this article is to
analyze, pathologize and evaluate the role of the National Security Council in the
governance structure of national security; for this purpose, the structural, functional
and legal areas of the Council and its relationship with other councils and
institutions responsible in the field of internal security have been measured. The
results of this article indicate that factors such as shortcomings in the law
determining the duties and organization of the country's security council,
composition of members and the type of their role in the council, reducing the
concept of internal security to military and law enforcement security and duty
overlapping with that of other institutions has caused this council not to be able to
play an effective role in the structure of the country's security governance as it
should; therefore, it has become more of a coordinating institution.