Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Intelligence organizations, with their expertise and experience in clandestine and covert actions, are a crucial channel for establishing secret diplomacy between countries. This helps guide and reassure politicians and diplomats. The goal of secret diplomacy is to assess the true intentions of other countries and create a conducive environment for establishing official diplomatic relations and future cooperation. Understanding the real intentions of the other parties, particularly their reliability, is a key application of secret diplomacy. This links intelligence and diplomacy together, based on the necessity of measuring reliability, without the intelligence agency monopolizing this task. However, the primary research question is: what is the relationship between intelligence and diplomacy, and how and when does secret diplomacy promote cooperation and trust between competitors? The hypothesis is that intelligence and diplomacy have a two-way and mutual relationship and intelligence-security organizations play a role in interacting with the diplomatic apparatus through secret diplomacy to discover the real intentions of the negotiating party/parties. The results indicate that the continuation of secret cooperation depends on the long-term interests of cooperation outweighing the benefits of intelligence disclosure. The research method is descriptive-explanatory in nature and employs a qualitative methodology based on the type of data. Data collection techniques include library research, internet research, objective observations, and field studies.
 

Abstract In a positive discourse, internal security is a situation in which the political system is able to establish maximum satisfaction among its citizens. One of the dimensions of citizens' satisfaction is to have peace of mind in economic matters. Establishing internal security in the economic field in crises and shocks resulting from internal and external conditions requires correct and efficient decisions of senior managers; making the right decisions also requires transparency and access to accurate, true, comprehensive and up-to-date information and statistics from the economic field, which can only be achieved with the formation of an economic intelligence system in the country. Economic transparency, using the tools of the economic intelligence system, has significant functions that are vital and inevitable for the internal security of the country. The purpose of this article is to explore the theory of economic transparency and the creation of economic intelligence system and its impact on economic security in the country.

Abstract The role of Intelligence in statecraft is one of the main issues of Intelligence studies and political science. This article with a focus on the role of intelligence in religious democracy as a kind of modern state, tries to distinguish the status of intelligence in this system. Authors argue that intelligence is a tool of expediency diagnosis and a tool of religious democratic rules consolidation. They also claim that there is no difference in intelligence functions among religious and non-religious democracies. Albeit, they argue, limiting rules and intelligence control practices in religious democracies are more that non-religious ones.    

Abstract This article tries to evaluate the idea of “intelligence as a scientific phenomenon and the possibility of scientific study in intelligence field”. Author has two hypothesis: first he argues for methodological similarity between intelligence and science, and then as a second hypothesis, tries to describe ontological similarities between scientific knowledge and intelligence knoweledge. Having explained these two complementary claims, author argues that without academic presence, the idea of intelligence as a scientific phenomenon would remain as a mere claim. So exposing intelligence for academic research agenda would shape its scientific nature.  

Abstract

Abstract What is the role of intelligence organizations in foreign policy? And how is the relation of intelligence and foreign policy? Author in response to these questions numerates cognitive and executive roles of intelligence in foreign policy making and mutual relations between them. Author believes that type of foreign policy and requirements of foreign policy makers determine intelligence agenda and on the other hand, intelligence organizations by their cognitive products effect policy maker’s perception of issues and problems of foreign policy.