Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract  
The United States is a world leader in economic sanctions. Since 2005, with the application of "financial sanctions" we have witnessed a "paradigm shift" in sanctions policy. This article seeks to answer the question: "What are the foundations of US financial sanctions?" The hypothesis of the article is that financial sanctions are based on two main pillars in which the United States has made it possible to exclusively use financial sanctions for its foreign policy: First, to create a legal regime to combat money laundering and its globalization, and secondly, the centrality of the dollar in the global financial system. The second question of the article is "What is the place of financial sanctions in US foreign policy?" The author argues that US policymakers' understanding of the effectiveness of financial sanctions has led to the promotion of this tool among foreign policy instruments and the transformation of the Treasury from a marginalized institution to a central one in guiding US foreign and security policy.
 
 

Abstract in recent years Diasporas are considered as an international non-state actor and has played important roles in international arena and foreign relations of states. Because of their important role and status, some scholars consider them as soft power instrument that can be used in political, economic, and technological scopes. Diasporas, depending on their relations with host and home countries, try to affect political trends in both of them. The question of this article is that: how Diasporas affect foreign relations of countries? In response to this question, author examines Indian diaspora and their methods to influence India-USA bilateral relations. Hypothesis of article argues that diaspora use direct and indirect political and economic methods to affect bilateral relations.

Abstract this article after reviewing history of Muslim brotherhood movement as an introduction, tries to explain status of this movement in Islamic awakening and its role in the future foreign policy of Egypt. The main question of author is that: what is the status and role of Muslim brotherhood movement in recent upheavals in Egypt? And how this movement could play a positive role in recent awakening developments and even take the office of presidency, despite brutal and heavy strokes by the Mubarak regime? Author, as his main argument, tries to evaluate and estimate foreign policy of Egypt in strategic issues such as Palestine, relations with Israel, relations with USA and relations with Iran.