Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract In the last century, modern nation – building caused two main cultural challenges in the third words and developing countries: religiousness v. secularism and cultural and ethnic identification v. cultural and linguistic assimilation. Like the other non – western countries were experienced exotic modernization follow from the westernization and agency modernization based on state – oriented, Iranian society was faced with two problems mentioned above. So it is necessary to new policy for them and strategic managing this ethnic and cultural diversity so that in this policy would be appearing national solidarity and integration stimuli, structurally and durably. In this respect, it would be pay attention on replacing citizenship right and definition of national identity based upon unitary exactly plurality with denying the cultural and ethnic diversity.    

Abstract In the post -Westphaliaera, there are few unitary countries without any diversity, so new states are going to investing and providing strategy for establishing and improving the national coherency. If national diversity and heterogeneous mainly contains religious, ethnic, linguistic and cultural dimensions, so Iranian society would be as diverse as possible. As a matter of fact, it could be varieties in diversity of Iranian society in the whole dimension of the phenomena. Here the paper is trying to processing and analyzing this phenomenon and making recommendation for maintenance and evolving national coherency by focus on ethnics in Iranian society. The reason is that ethnicity and ethnic differentiation is the strong force in contrast of modernity in the national level and could be make domestic violence and providing opportunity for influencing of revival countries of Iran in the proximately region.    

Abstract Defects and imperfections of classic theories of social movements in explaining the new movements were impelling the social and political scholars to set up new models and theories for exploring them. The paper contains the conceptual explanation of social movements and their differences with the kinship vocabularies such as political parties and sectarians and so on; briefly description of Smelser''s collective behavior, Charles Taylor''s resource mobilization and political process theory and the last extendedly examines the differences of the old and new social movements. So as follows of the latter, the strategic goals of new social movements are going to affect public opinion and public attitudes, but in return for the old ones were searching to seize the political power. With these theoretical views, examining the unrest of the Azerbaijan of Iran in May 2006 is shown that the main causes in this public protest were ethnic identification, correcting of the improper portrait on the ethnic groups and cultural claims.

Abstract Every region is a geographical realm with its biological and geographical functions that differentiated with the proximity ones. While the states are all heterogeneous, so could be divided in cultural regions. Government as a formal branch of state is searching for shaping and empowering the national identity by putting weight on subjective and objective common - sense in its regions. InIranas a heterogeneous country with a complicated long –life history, there are many regions that maintenance their ad hoc cultural characteristics in the whole common Iranian identity and culture. So in this respect, national and regional security is vulnerable by these particularities of any region. The balouchestan ofIranconcerns with the same situation by different religious belief and geographical distance from the central government. So for reducing any unrest in this cultural region, the paper recommends to engage the balouchestan in the national development and political participation in the national level and to be free in their religious ceremony in the local level.

Abstract This paper is a research funds of a field study of the Golestan of Iran by measuring what is empower or maintenance the social solidarity and harmony such as the national identity and cultural and social communication in one side, and what's threaten it such as social alienation and ethnic trends in other side. The resulted could be discussed in the concern of the social security. The paper is trying to show that social alienation and ethnic trends in the Golestan weakens and harms the whole social solidarity and security efficiency and in contrast, social and cultural communications and national tendencies improves it in the Iranian society and reducing the ethnic the ethnic inclinations.