Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract        The study of national security both in theoretical and empiricalterms has been based on different assumptions and approachesemployed by scholars on this subjects. This article is a review ofnational security literature in which major approaches to the study ofnational Security are specifeid and the main themes developed bydifferent authors are introduced. In addition to various defintionsand theories of national Security, different dimensions of Security,proposed strategies to increase national security, and some casestudies are discussed by he author.

Abstract      The author distinguishes three national Security discourses in theI.R.Iran during the first two decades after the Revolution.
     In the first years after the formation of the Islamic Republic,radical revolutionaries introduced an expansion-oriented discouersein which radical measures taken by revolutionary institutions weredeemed as appropriate means to promote national Security.  The imposed war led to a "maintenance oriented discourse" inwhich national security was defined on the basis of protecting thevery existence of the system.  A new national security discouers based on the requirements ofgrowth and development was introduced during the presidency of Mr.Rafsanjani, this "growht-oriented discouers," according to the author,is the revival of basic Islamic ideals reintroduced in new terms.

Abstract National Security is a relative concept that can take differentmeanings in different times and places. It used to be conceived inmilitary terms during the Cold War. The changes in the internationalsystem during the last decades, especially in the post cold war era,have led to a tranformation in national perceptions of security.Today, economic, cultural and political factors can affect nationalsecurity as deeply as military threats. The most secure way to copewith new sorts of threat against national security is reliance uponpeople's participation in the process of political decision making.Lacking appropriate social and cultural contexts in which fulldemocratic participation can be developed must not lead todelimiting political participation since threr are proper means bywhich each political system can increase people's role in defendingnational security.

Abstract Security is a relative concept and any totalist approach to it mayparadoxically lead to inSecurity. A system's security depends uponvarious factors including cohesiveness, functional relationshipsamong system components, value distribution capabilities, the abilityto direct transfornations and increasing the system's threshold oftolerance. Focusing on each of these factors may lead to differentdefintions for Security or even to different Security discoureses. Theauthor contrasts pre- and post- revolution Security discourses in Iran.The Islamic Revolvtion has led to a new Security discourse in wichcocepts such as the Islamic Revolution, God-centeredness, theOm-al-Qora (Islamic Metropole) doctrine, development, etc are veryimportant. The article concludes with a discussion about theproblems of giving a strategic defintion of Security in the presentcondition.

Abstract Since "national Security" is an abstract concept, it is difficult togive a clear defintion of this term and specify its indicators. It is usedin various social political and leagal texts in different senses. Somedefintions focus on its internal aspects and some pay more attentionto its significance in foreign affairs. Even the attempts to give ageneral definition on the basis of particular instances of securityissues have not been totally successful. The author gives a "legalconceptualization" for national security by relying upon the principlesmentioned in the I.R. IRAN Constitution to clasify security prioritiesin legal terms.

Abstract Although at the first glance drug traffic may not be deemed as aSecurity problem, it has different aspects which can be considered asmajor Security threats. In Iran drug traffic was not seem as a threatagaimst national Security by the Pahlavi Reqime. But in thepost-revolution Iran, narcotics are not only preceived as a long-termdanger for public health and human development, drug traffic hasimpsed many Securtiy problems due to its impact on penetrability ofborderso social insecurity, rate of crimes, etc. The securityconcequences of drug traffic are fully discussed in this article.

Abstract This article examines the nature and different aspects of thethreats posed by the Occupying Regime of Qdus. The expansionistnature of the zionist regime together with its hostitities towand theIslamic Republic of Iran have made it a serious threat against ournational Security. The fact that Israel enjoys the support of greatpowers and possesses nuclear weapons makes it abvious that theregional balance of power cannot be maintained unless the IslamicRepublic of Iran as a major regioral actor obtains poper means tocounter any possible threats posed against its Security by Israel.

Abstract Authors in this article try to give us a complete landscape ofNational Security. So at first tell us about the traditional meaning ofnational Security and in second step, speak of modern idea ofnational Security. According to Morton Berkowitz and P.C.Book,this concept has developed, and now we face a new term which isnot equal by national Security in Pre-World War era. International Struggles, International Cooperation andInternational Relations are the most important dimensions that theirrelations with national Security has examined in this article. At lastNational Security as a policy- macking science has introduced byauthers which is a new idea and we could think so much about that.

Abstract Hooshang Amir ahmadi in "A Theory of Ethnic CollectiveMovements And Its Application to Iran. (the title of his article whichnow changed to Ethnicity and Security), speaks of two importandterm and their relations: Ethnicity and Security.


     Twentieth century world history has witnessed frequent ethniccollective movements in many developed and underdevelopedcountries. So, the present paper outlines a conceptual framework toexplain the determinats, timing and forms of ethnic collectivemovements and then attempts to apply it to the Iranian experience.
     Auther in this article, studied number of current explanations andan extensive literature exist on this issue. The main problem that hehas find with this literature, is that it largely neglects to distinguishbetween the subjective and objective determinants of ethniccollective movements, or if it does make such a distinction, it fails toobserve or specify their differential impacts.

Abstract      This aricle examines the national Security factor in economicdevelopment policy. Surprisingly, few post - war works on economicdevelopment explicity address national Securrity issues. The result isthat economic development has been treated in the literature as if itwere formulated without regard to the internal and/or externalthreats facing Third World regimes.      Kapstein in this article discusses the Link between economic andnational Security policies in Third World Countries. Specifically, itwill argue that national Security concerns have influenced the scope,timing and trajectory of economic development. National Securityhas also played a role in determining the geographical location andownership of those capital-intensive projects which are important tothe military and the choice of technology employed in the project.

Abstract        This article addresses the question of how appropriate the conceptof national Security is to the countries of the Third World. Itcompares the conditions of national Security in the Third World withthose in the West, and argues that the nature of the differencesmakes the concept much more problematic in relation to the ThirdWorld states than for the states of the West.      Security here is defined largely in socioplitical and military terms.The economic dimension of the subject is ignored on ground of lackof space, and because in many respects it does not run parallel to themilitary and political dimensions of security.
     Buzan in this article after painting the changing face of nationalSecurity in the west, tells us about this different dimension ofSecurity in Third World. At first he speaks of term Third World. Hebelives that this term in an indicator that we can expect to find veryconsiderable contrast.      This article will focus on some of the difficulties of applyingNational Security to the countries of the Third World. Doing soinvolves a necessity for gross generalization, for the Third Worldencompasses a great variety of states. Nevertheless, the broadcontrasts between the Third World and the West as groups of statesare sufficiently robust to support a general comparison. Busanconcentrates on two areas of contrast that are central to theapplication national Security.