Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Over the past two decades, the Zayandeh Rud River basin has faced numerous challenges in water resource management, resulting in widespread stakeholder dissatisfaction. In light of governance principles, effective policy-making in this area necessitates an understanding of each actor’s impact on the problem’s various dimensions and their interrelationships. This research aims to determine which actors influence the Zayandeh Rud River basin’s water governance network within Isfahan province’s geographic area and to what extent. Using a governance framework, this paper identifies 21 groups of water actors within the specified geography. Data collection and theoretical saturation were achieved through the analysis of data from 72 research participants using network analysis methods. The research data was analyzed using UCINET software, utilizing structural analysis and value component implementation capabilities, and visualized using NETDRAW software. The results reveal the formation of a unique influence network on water resource management, which is not conducive to optimal water governance. This network comprises a variety of actors with distinct capabilities and behaviors, resulting in specific impacts on water issues.

Abstract Border rivers serve as vital water sources for countries, playing a crucial role in establishing and maintaining security and stability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. The Arvand Rud River’s geopolitical position in Iran’s southwest has endowed it with a unique hydropolitical function in Iran-Iraq relations. This paper employs a descriptive-analytical approach and Micmac and Scenario Wizard software to explore future patterns of Iran’s hydropolitical relations in the Arvand Rud River basin and develop an appropriate strategy. The research results indicate that, among the eighteen potential scenarios associated with five strongly and likely compatible patterns, the scenarios depicting Iran’s future hydropolitical relations in the Arvand Rud River basin on the brink of crisis are the most probable. As such, the recommended model for Iran’s hydropolitical relations in this basin is a cooperative strategy.

Abstract A sound neighborhood policy, followed by regional integration based on local and regional models, has always been of great importance to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its significance has grown over time, to the point where it has been established as the primary foreign policy strategy of the 13th government. The question remains: What is the indigenous model of neighborhood policy in Iran’s foreign affairs? This research presents a three-dimensional model in the areas of understanding, engagement, and confrontation, based on Iran’s interactions with its neighbors. The study also offers recommendations and solutions to improve relations with neighboring countries at various cultural, economic, political, and security levels. Data was collected through documentary research and in-depth interviews with academic and executive elites in the country’s foreign policy. A descriptive-analytical approach was also employed for data analysis.

Abstract  
This paper explores the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on international relations, with a particular focus on international politics theories. Assuming a future in which international relations studies center on AI and its applications, this paper employs an analytical-descriptive approach to address the question: How does the Computer-Related Self-Concept bring about fundamental changes in international relations theory? The results indicate that computing and algorithmic systems, through the reproduction of innovative indicators in international relations theories and the application of AI’s military, security, political, economic, and legal functions, significantly influence the evolution of international relations.

Abstract The post-Cold War era has seen a marked increase in the use of economic sanctions by major powers, a trend driven by various factors. Changes in international relations have made economic sanctions an increasingly attractive tool for states and international organizations to advance their policies. This paper seeks to answer the question: Why has the use of economic sanctions in international relations increased significantly since the end of the Cold War? The hypothesis is that a combination of factors, including a sharp rise in the costs of military action, successful experiences with economic pressure, shifts in the distribution of power within the international system, the global spread of liberal values and norms, and the emergence of new security threats, has contributed to an increase in the use of economic sanctions in the post-Cold War era. Methodologically, this paper employs a mixed approach to provide an authentic explanation for this fundamental change in international relations. To support the hypothesis, we will draw upon available evidence and data.

Abstract This research aims to review and evaluate the form and content of papers published in “Strategic Studies Quarterly”. The study employs a qualitative, content analysis-based methodology and a descriptive-analytical approach to assess the contents. The research population consists of 178 papers published between issue 75 (Spring 2017) and issue 98 (January 2023). To objectively and qualitatively assess the contents, the review was conducted systematically using eleven parameters. The results reveal that the papers can be classified into three general categories related to Iran’s security: 65 papers pertain to internal security, 38 to external security, and 39 to both internal and external security. The evaluation of participant numbers was favorable, with 131 researchers contributing to the writing of 142 papers. Among scientific institutions, Tehran University had the highest contribution with 32 papers. An examination of research methods revealed that the descriptive-analytical method was the most popular among researchers. In terms of the level of analysis, the national level accounted for the largest share of papers at 47.18%.

Abstract The modern era has presented two fundamental challenges in the management of intelligence activities. The first challenge is determining how to distribute intelligence powers and authorities between military organizations and civilian institutions. The second challenge is finding a balance between the secret investigative activities of intelligence agencies and a set of values and norms, including religious, moral, democratic, and legal principles and restrictions. Since the emergence of systematic and modern intelligence activity in Iran, coinciding with the formation of SAVAK - Organization of Intelligence and Security of the Country - in 1957, Iranian political and intelligence communities have gradually experienced both issues. To address the negative consequences of intelligence activity, theoretical efforts have been made to provide solutions for managing these two issues, which are briefly discussed here.