Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the results and findings of research projects that have been conducted under the common title of "Problems of Progress and Security of the Province". These projects have been carried out in 11 provinces between 2018 and 2020. Methodologically, all these studies have used the method of in-depth interviews, interaction matrix and review of documents such as land management document of the province. Their analysis method has been based on the qualitative research strategy of structural analysis. In this article, the meta synthesis qualitative analysis method has been used to review the findings of this research. the result of this evaluation indicates that on average, each province had 74 main problems and each study identified 10 main problems as the most influential factors. A comparative look at these top 10 problems of the provinces shows that about 63% of the first problems of the provinces are common, and there is the problem of "inefficiency of the provincial management system" is a common challenge of more than 90% of the provinces, followed by corruption is the second major challenge.

Abstract According to the theory of “Douglas North”, the existence of multiple centers of power in a country and their competition for obtaining benefits or maximizing their benefits and their capacity to use violence against each other, disrupts the development process. Using North's theory, the main question of the article is: "What is the capacity of Iraqi political groups in terms of violence and what are the strategies to control violence in Iraq?" To answer the research question, this article used library resources to collect data and descriptive-analytical method to analyze the findings. The findings of the article show that "the capacity of Iraqi groups to use violence against each other" in the process of "distribution of benefits" is high, and the most important way to control this capacity, which is considered one of the main obstacles to development, is the "referee" factor. The "referee" factor can guarantee the stable process of development in the transition period and provide conditions for Iraq to be on the verge of becoming a developed country based on the local definition of development by monitoring the process of distributing benefits.

Abstract In this article, the negative aspects of an oil-dependent economy and the opportunities that the tourism industry can open up for the Islamic Republic of Iran have been discussed, and the implications of this issue for the country's national security have been reviewed. This research assumes that profits from Iran's tourism industry can be a suitable alternative to oil revenues and help the country move toward sustainable development, which is one of the main requirements of sustainable national security.
 
 

Abstract Security studies falls within the realm of applied knowledge and has the potential to produce tangible results for the human society. These studies, when combined with historical security experiences, can rid the society of the need for repeated trial and errors in the field of security. Ibn Khaldun is one of the thinkers who addressed security issues and expressed his views on historical security experiences in his works. This article aims to provide an understanding of Ibn Khaldun's security discourse, which had never been the subject of a dedicated study. Drawing on Ibn Khaldun's theoretical principles in the fields of history and security, his security discourse has been studied here within a conceptual framework comprised of seven key components, namely the meaning of security, aspects of security, level of security, friends and enemies, ways to achieve security, and strategic security solutions. The most important finding of the present study is that there is a similarity between Ibn Khaldun's security discourse and the principles of the realist schools of thought as well as the security discourse currently prevailing in the Muslim world and that his security discourse has proved ineffective in creating lasting security in the Muslim world.
 
 

Abstract  
The paper aims at studying level of development of the Iranian provinces in 2011 and consequently analyzing its co-relationship with geographical potentials of the provinces taking into account factors like health, education, culture, economy, housing and other infrastructures.  As the findings of the papers indicate there is an uneven co-relationship between geographical potentials and level of development of the Iranian provinces. For instances, provinces like Yazd, Semnan and Kerman, with low level of potentials, enjoy 6.1, 1.5 and 1.48 co-relationship of development respectively and so have second, third and fourth level of development.  Therefore, one can conclude that due to wrong employment, the geographical potentials play little role in development of the regions, thus proving a weak co-relationship between them.
 
 

Abstract This article will focus on the economic impact of terrorism in the Middle East and analysis the manner of terrorism affected on economic issues and trends in the region. The article main question is how terrorism has affected on economic situation in the Middle East? Terrorism is a destructive phenomenon and has negative effects and consequences on different functional sectors and spheres including economy. According to this Assumption, the article hypothesis is that terrorism has imposed a significant costs on the Middle East region by destruction the physical, humanitarian, social and cultural infrastructures and also increasing the uncertainty and created a security-oriented condition. That’s helped to continuity of backwardness in this region.
 
 

Abstract The paper intends to discuss about the property right security in Iran during 1925 – 2011 and its implications in terms of Iran’s underdevelopment. Therefore, different variables are considered and discussed such as, rule of law, fight against corruption, the courts’ impartiality and independency, investment prospect and finally access to financial resources and loans. In this way, the assumption of the author is that undesired circumstances of the said elements in the above period have led to aggressions against property right, specially the property right of the production sector. This insecurity has caused growth of unproductive sector and increase in renrier sector; it has prevented any initiatives and entrepreneurship the result of which is underdevelopment of Iran.