Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Judicial efficiency have both spiritual and material aspects. The spiritual aspect concerns the prevailing sense of justice and the widely held belief that the judicial system holds everyone accountable for their behavior and decisions. This requires that the Judiciary acts independently, impartially, and based on law. From the material perspective, judicial efficiency is determined by the competence of the majority of judges who are not in a hierarchy and address issues and disagreements based on their knowledge, expertise, great skills, and their own discretion.
 
 

Abstract  
 
 
Malouk Seyed Abadi
 
Cultural equality or justice is one of important, however neglected, areas of regional inequality. Therefore, aiming at identification and promotion of cultural justice in Iran, the paper attempts to illustrate the issue through the social and political theories and in this way it considers the main documents and different theories. The authors intend to introduce a couple of indicators for studying cultural justice in Iran and the methodology of the paper is mixed of documentation, Delphi and questionnaire methodologies.
 
 

Abstract Since security and justice are both among the top virtues of human society, makes it difficult to prefer one of them in positions of conflict or to explain their relationship. In this article, author first defines both concepts and then explains possible positions of practical and theoretical conflict between them. Security based and justice based approaches are two classical ways of solving the conflicts.   Author argues that Islamic approach which is based on interaction between justice and security has more explanatory power to solve the positions of conflict.  According to this approach we should separate justice and security aspects (function and fundamental). By this separation we find that justice and security in linear function (security function with justice function or security fundamentals with justice fundamentals) don’t have any conflicts. But in cross terms (security function with justice fundamentals or security fundamentals with justice functions) we can consider conflicts. Albeit, in this situation naturally functions have priority over fundamentals.

Abstract Geographical environment is the context of interaction among economic, social and natural structures. Environmental justice is the junction point of interaction and balance among geographical environment, justice and security. Environmental justice as a pervasive approach toward inequalities assumes that units of society (individuals) aside from their biological and ideological differences should be protected against environmental impacts of unequal economic and social arrangements. Since justice is the backbone of security, Existing data shows that spatial inequalities which are derived from inefficiency of distribution system in forming equal opportunities are important factors in social crisis and environmental insecurity. During recent decades, forming appropriate situation to fulfill individual’s demands has been inevitable because of positive approach toward security. So that environmental justice who has geographical, social and political aspects, beside positive approach toward security can improve public opportunity equalities, securing civil rights and sustainable security

Abstract

Based on the belief in human dignity, Islam sets its final aim as the humankinds to be furnished with the God’s ethic, spiritual evolution and eternal salvation, all of which can be obtained by supremacy of the good over evil and through awareness and freedom. According to Islam, the human being has got two aspects, namely, material and spiritual aspects and realization of salvation is subject to freely preference of the spiritual aspect against mundane aspect. Therefore, Islam has a value based judgment towards humankind and society. In this way, two main pre values exist, namely, eternal salvation through nurturing and primacy of the spiritual aspect of the existence and awareness and freedom in choosing between good and evil as the condition of realization of salvation. These two pre-values are the main pillars of meta-theoretical framework of the Islamic political thought and its main subjects including security.

Abstract     Equality constitutes the essence of justice. Equality means the right of individuals to enjoy similar rights in using existing material and spiritual opportunities found in the society in order to foster their capacities and potentials. Every phenomenon that has specific spatial diffusion is regarded as belonging to the study scope of geographical sciences. Spatial dimension of most of human-made phenomena is a function of political system in securing justice on the nationwide scale. National security is a function of (political, economic, cultural) interactions within and beyond the territory. Political system as the agent of the state seeks to formulate and implement strategies and plans, which reflect the spatial needs of the society. Hence, the function of government in increasing or decreasing related to justice can play the essential role and can pave the way for heightening or lowering national divergence or integration in the category of geographical equity.   Geographical equity puts emphasis upon distributive aspect of justice in light of area   discrepancies at the national level, keeping balance in relations between humankind and the environment, enjoying equal opportunities by citizens and reducing the adverse impact of unjust distribution of chances and possibilities in the domain of national territory while keeping the category of spatial diffusion at the center.

Abstract The panacea of justice and its different versions is the foremost ideal of human societies and the objective of establishment of governments especially the theocratic systems. The Iranian society and the Islamic Republic also stress on justice and expansion of justice more than any other time in a way that it may be claimed thatthe other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran has issued the 20-Year National Perspective Document to all powers and related institutions in December 2003. On this basis, overall policies and development plans or executive directives have to besets out to find the guidelines for the realization of social justice in the Islamic -Year Perspective Document at the 2025 horizon. It tries todesign the desirable strategy and role for the governments as appropriate to them.On this ground, the author argues that inclusiveness and permanence constitute two major guidelines to that purpose.