Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Recognition and analysis of religiousness developments in Iranian society, in addition to being an indicator of cultural and social developments, facilitates a deeper understanding and explanation of changes in other areas, including the social aspect of security, both at the level of public security and in the level of national security. This paper seeks to study the trend of developments in religiosity indicators in its important dimensions and components, to analyze the relationship between these developments in today's Iranian society with the social dimension of national security. Accordingly, the findings obtained in the national surveys, especially during more than four decades of the establishment of the Islamic Republic, have been studied and analyzed. Findings have shown that changes in the religiosity of the Iranian people, as well as their attitudes toward religion, religious institutions and official procedures in religious governance, are moving towards the decline of the status, importance and role of religion in society. Based on the results obtained and the ups and downs of various indicators of religiosity, strategic proposals for optimal policy-making and reform of existing trends have been presented

Abstract This article makes attempts to study and explore the reference of security in Imam Khomeini’s opinions and thinking. The author proposes three indicators for identifying the reference of security including the threat parameter, factors of acquiring security, and security goals and policy-making. Furthermore, five references in the national security literature including individual, regime, society, state and the world. Considering these parameters, this article holds that the reference of security is combined and multiple in Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint involving society, state and regime which have an interactive and dialectical relationship. In the heart of the society’s reference, two factors, Islam and people play a crucial part. In a nutshell, it can be indicated that without people’s satisfaction and their support for their government and state, the foundations of national security remain fragile. Therefore, in his attitude, the reference of society involving two paramount parameters of Islam and people takes precedence over the two other references.