مبنای نظری تحریم‌های مربوط به برنامه هسته‌ای ایران: مقایسه دیپلماسی دولت‌های ترامپ و اوباما

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه روابط بین‌الملل در پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی

چکیده

در فضای عملی روابط بین‌الملل، وضع‌کنندگان تحریم انگیزه‌های‌ متفاوتی برای استفاده از این ابزار دارند. تغییر در سیاست برجامی دولت آمریکا یکی از موارد جالب توجه در این زمینه است. سؤال مقاله حاضر این است که نقطه عزیمت نظری تفاوت در دیپلماسی تحریمی دو دولت ترامپ و اوباما در قبال ایران با وجود تعهد این کشور به تعهدات برجام چه بوده است؟ فرضیه مقاله این است که در حالی که سیاست تحریمی دولت اوباما بیشتر مبتنی بر انگیزه متعهدسازی ایران به هنجارهای بین‌المللی بود، انگیزه اصلی دولت ترامپ پیشبرد حداکثری منافع آمریکا فارغ از محدودیت‌های حقوقی بین‌المللی است. از این منظر، برجام برای دولت اوباما، توافقی کارآمد و برای دولت ترامپ، ناکارآمد تلقی شده است. فرضیه به لحاظ نظری بر دو نظریه واقع‏گرایی و لیبرالیسم درباره کارکرد تحریم در روابط بین‌الملل متکی است. این فرضیه به نحو تحلیلی- تبیینی و با تکیه بر داده‌های معتبر بررسی خواهد شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Principles of Sanctions Related to Iran's Nuclear Program: A Comparison Between Diplomacy Under Trump and Obama

نویسنده [English]

  • Abdullah Qanbarlou
چکیده [English]

In international relations, those who impose sanctions have different motives for using this tool. A change in the US government's policy toward the Iran nuclear deal, officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action or the JCPOA, is a notable issue in this regard. The question asked by the present article is: Where was the theoretical point of departure for the difference in sanctions diplomacy under US President Donald Trump and his predecessor Barack Obama toward Iran despite its commitment to the terms of the agreement? The article's hypothesis is that while the Obama administration's sanctions policy was more based on a motivation to make Iran committed to conforming to international norms, the Trump administration's main objective is to advance US interests as far as possible regardless of international legal restrictions. From this perspective, the nuclear deal was considered effective by the Obama administration, while the Trump administration regards it as ineffective. The hypothesis is theoretically based on realism and liberalism theories about the function of sanctions in international relations and has been studied here using an analytical-explanatory model and reliable data.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Logic of Sanctions
  • Liberalism
  • Realism
  • International Norms and Regulations
  • National Interests
  • JCPOA
  • US Policy on Iran
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