سیاست خارجی بایدن در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم سیاسی دانشگاه پیام نور

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

جو بایدن، قبل و بعد از انتخابات، یکی از اولویت‏ های سیاست خارجی خود را تدوین و تعقیب سیاست نوین آمریکا در قبال ایران اعلام کرده است. در کانون «سیاست ایران» بایدن نیز بازگشت به برجام قرار دارد. با این حال، در مورد چیستی و چگونگی این سیاست و بازگشت آمریکا به برجام ابهاماتی وجود دارد. از این رو، در این مقاله تلاش می ‏شود به این پرسش پاسخ داده شود که سیاست خارجی بایدن نسبت به ایران چه ماهیت، مؤلفه‏ ها و مختصاتی دارد و چگونه خواهد بود؟ با روش مطالعه اسنادی و تحلیل گفتارها، مکتوبات و مواضع اعلامی بایدن و تیم سیاست خارجی او، استدلال می‏ شود که گفتمان سیاست خارجی بایدن «بین‏ الملل‏ گرایی لیبرال» است. سیاست هسته ‏ای بایدن نیز بر پایۀ پیوند موضوعی و مرحله‏ ای مبنی بر بازگشت به برجام در گام نخست، تقویت و توسعۀ مفاد و طولانی‏ ترکردن زمان آن در گام دوم و تسری آن به برنامۀ موشکی و نفوذ منطقه ‏ای ایران در گام سوم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Bell, Duncan (2016) Liberal internationalism, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/ topic/liberal-internationalism. access date: December 10, 2020.
Berman, Russell A. (2020) How the Biden Administration Can Implement Effective Human-Rights Initiatives, The National Interest.
Biden, Joe (2020) There's a smarter way to be tough on Iran, https://edition.cnn.com/ 2020/09/13/opinions/smarter-way-to-be-tough-on-iran-joe-biden/index.html.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2016) Building on Success: Opportunities for the Next Administration, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2016-08-07/building-success.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2018) Foreign Affairs Issue Launch with Joe Biden, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/node/1126638.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2020) Why America Must Lead Again: Rescuing U.S. Foreign Policy After Trump, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-01-23/why-america-must-lead-again.
Biden, Jr., Joseph R. (2021) The Power of America’s Example: The Biden Plan for Leading the Democratic World to Meet the Challenges of the 21st Century, https://joebiden.com/americanleadership/.
Blinken, Antony J. (2016), Multilateral Diplomacy in the Modern World: A Conversation with Tony Blinken, https://www.cfr.org/event/multilateral-diplomacy-modern-world-conversation-tony-blinken.
Blinken, Antony J. and Kagan, Robert (2019) America First’ is only making the world worse. Here’s a better approach, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/america-first-is-only-making-the-world-worse-heres-a-better-approach/2019/01/01/1272367c-079f-11e9-88e3-989a3e456820_story.html.
Blinken, Antony (2021) Top US diplomat Blinken sees Long Road to Iran Deal, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1799626/middle-east.
Bloch, Agneska and Goldgeier, James (2020) Reviving the trans-Atlantic relationship, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/11/17/reviving-the-trans-atlantic-relationship/.
Brennan, David (2020), As Biden Seeks New Iran Deal, Zarif Warns He Must Accept 'Transition of Power' to East, https://www.newsweek.com/biden-iran-deal-zarif-1548293.
Brennan, David (2020) Iran Says Trump Foreign Policy Among 'Most Unsuccessful' in U.S. History as Uranium Stockpile Blows Limit, https://www.newsweek.com/iran-says-trump-foreign-policy-most-unsuccessful-us-history-uranium-stockpile-blows-limit-1548311.
Brennan, David (2020) What Antony Blinken Has Said about Key Foreign Policy Issues, https://www.newsweek.com/what-antony-blinken-said-about-key-foreign-policy-issues-1549404.
Burns, William and Sullivan, Jake (2020) We Led Successful Negotiations with Iran. Trump’s Approach Isn’t Working, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Burns, William (2019) The Back Channel: A Memoir of American Diplomacy and the Case for Its Renewal, New York: Random House.
Burns, William (2019) An End to Magical Thinking in the Middle East, https://www.theatlantic.com /ideas/archive/2019/12/end-magical-thinking-middle-east/602953/.
Burns, William (2020) The United States Needs a New Foreign Policy, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/united-states-needs-new-foreign-policy/614110/.
Burns, William (2020) America First’ Enters Its Most Combustible Moment, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/ archive/2020/08/america-first-enters-its-most-combustible-moment/615808/.
Caporaso, J. (1992) International Relations Theory and Multilateralism: The Search for Foundations, International Organization, 46(3).
Clapton, William (2014) Risk and Hierarchy in International Society: Liberal Interventionism in the Post-Cold War Era, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Clapton, William and Hameiri, Shahar (2012) The Domestic Politics of International Hierarchy: Risk Management and the Reconstitution of International Society, International Politics, 49(1).
Clemons, Steve (2016) The Biden Doctrine: Has the vice president made a lasting contribution in foreign policy? https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/08/biden-doctrine/496841/.
Cox, Robert W. (1997) The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Drezner, Daniel W. (2006) What is liberal internationalism?, Foreign Policy.
Fouskas, Vassilis K. and Gökay, Bülent (2019) The Disintegration of Euro-Atlanticism and New Authoritarianism, Switzerland AG: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fried, Daniel (2020) How Tony Blinken sees America, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/fastthinking/how-tony-blinken-sees-america-biden-secretary-of-state/.
Friedman, Thomas L. (2020) Biden: ‘We’re Going to Fight Like Hell by Investing in America First’, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/ opinion/biden-interview-mcconnell-china-iran.html.
Friedman, Thomas L. (2020) Dear Joe, It’s Not About Iran’s Nukes Anymore, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/29/opinion/iran-biden-nuclear-scientist.html.
Gardner, Anthony Luzzatto (2020) Stars with Stripes: The Essential Partnership between the European Union and the United States, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Geranmayeh, Ellie (2020) Course Correction in US-Iranian Relations: A Road Map for the Biden Administration, https://ecfr.eu/article/course-correction-in-us-iranian-relations-a-road-map-for-the-biden-administration/.
Goldenberg, Ilan (2020) Returning to the Deal: The View from Washington.
Goldenberg, Ilan, Catalano Ewer, Elisa and Thomas, Kaleigh (2020) Reengaging Iran: A New Strategy for the United States, Center for a New American Security.
Hanafi, Hassan (1997) An Islamic Approach to Multilateralism, in Cox, Robert W. (eds.) The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harb, Ali (2020), Who is Tony Blinken, Biden's incoming secretary of state?, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-tony-blinken-biden-pick-secretary-state.
Herszenhorn, David M. and Momtaz, Rym (2020) 9 things to know about Antony Blinken, the next US secretary of state, https://www.politico.eu/article/nine-things-to-think-about-antony-blinken/.
Ikenberry, G. John and Kupchan, Charles (2004) Liberal Realism: The Foundations of a Democratic Foreign Policy, The National Interest.
Ikenberry, G. John (2009) Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order, Perspectives on Politics, 7(1).
Ikenberry, G. John (2018) The End of Liberal International Order?, International Affairs, 94(1).
Jahn, Beate (2013) Liberal Internationalism: Theory, History, Practice, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jain, Ash and Pascal, Alex (2020) Alliances First: Joe Biden’s Historic Opportunity to Reshape Global Order, The National Interest.  
Jamerson, Joshua (2020) Biden National Security Adviser Sees U.S. Rejoining Iran Nuclear Deal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-national-security-adviser-sees-u-s-rejoining-iran-nuclear-deal-11607399179.
Jervis, Robert, Gavin, Joshua, Rovner, Francis and Labrosse, Diana N., Fujii, George (2018) Chaos in the Liberal Order: The Trump Presidency and International Politics in the Twenty-first Century, New York: Columbia University Press.
Keohane, R. O. (1990) Multilateralism: An Agenda for Research. International Journal, 45(4).
Keohane, Robert O. 2012. Twenty Years of Institutional Liberalism, International Relations, 26(2).
Kupchan, Charles A. (2020) Isolationism: A History of America’s Efforts to Shield Itself from the World, New York: Oxford University Press.
Lake, Eli (2020) Trump’s Iran Policy Can Be an Opportunity for Biden, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/ articles/2020-11-08/trump-s-iran-policy-can-be-an-opportunity-for-biden.
Larison, Daniel (2020) Understanding Iran’s Foreign Policy, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/understanding-irans-foreign-policy/.
Larison, Daniel (2020) Tony Blinken: The Good, the Bad, and Potentially Ugly, https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/11/23/tony-blinken-the-good-the-bad-and-potentially-ugly/.
Lemon, Jason (2020) Biden Tells France's Macron He Wants to Cooperate on Iran Policy, Iranian President Says New Admin Must 'Make Up for Past Mistakes', https://www.newsweek.com/biden-tells-frances-macron-he-wants-cooperate-iran-policy-iranian-president-says-new-admin-must-1546487.
Lepgold, Joseph and Nincic, Miroslav (2001) Beyond the Ivory Tower: International Relations Theory and the Issue of Policy Relevance, New York: Columbia University Press.
Michael R. Pompeo (2018) After the Deal A New Iran Strategy, https://www.state.gov/after-the-deal-a-new-iran-strategy/.
Miller, Aaron David and Sokolsky, Richard (2020) Biden Must Craft a Foreign Policy for a World the U.S. Doesn’t Rule, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/11/19/joe-biden-foreign-policy-iran-china-438276.
Nye, Jr., Joseph S. (2020) Can Joe Biden’s America Be Trusted?, Dec 4, 2020. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/can-joe-biden-restore-trust-in-america-by-joseph-s-nye-2020-12.
Nye, Jr., Joseph S. (2006) Progressive Realism, https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/progressive-realism.
Paris, Roland (1997) Peace building and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism, International Security, 22(2).
Parsi, Trita (2020) The clock starts now: Biden Must Make the Right Signals to Iran on Nuke Deal, https://quincyinst.org/2020/11/16/the-clock-starts-now-biden-must-make-the-right-signals-to-iran-on-nuke-deal/.
Patrick, Stewart M. (2020) Making America Decent Again: Biden and the Future of U.S. Human Rights Policy, https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/29219/making-america-decent-again-biden-and-the-future-of-u-s-human-rights-policy.
Pauly, Robert J. (2016) US Foreign Policy and the Persian Gulf: Safeguarding American Interests through Selective Multilateralism, London and New York: Routledge.
Ross, Dennis (2020) How Biden’s Iran Policy Can Have a Chance to Succeed, https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/how-biden-s-iran-policy-can-have-a-chance-to-succeed-1.1541134.
Rubin, Michael (2020) Iran: Why Now Is Not the Time to Abandon Maximum Pressure, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/iran-why-now-not-time-abandon-maximum-pressure-173955.
Slavin, Barbara (2020) U.S. Hostility with Iran Only Serves Hardliners on Both Sides, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/19/biden-iran-united-states-share-interests-hardliners/.
Smith, Karen E. and Laatikainen, Katie Verlin (2020) Group Politics in UN Multilateralism, Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Sullivan, Jake (2019) What Donald Trump and Dick Cheney Got Wrong About America, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine /archive/2019/01/yes-america-can-still-lead-the-world/576427/.
Sullivan, Jake (2019) From Theory to Practice: An Interview with Jake Sullivan, World Outlook at the John Sloan Dickey Center.
Tharoor, Ishaan (2020) Trump’s Iran agenda is about to end in failure, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/11/17/trump-iran-pressure-biden-nuclear/.
Tom, O'Connor (2020) Biden and Iran Both Want Nuclear Deal, Here's What Stands In Their Way, https://www.newsweek.com/bide-iran-want-nuclear-deal-standing-way-1546356.
United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2020), Biden Foreign Policy Team on Iran, https://www.usip.org/events/joe-bidens-tough-challenges-iran.
United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Joe Biden on Iran, https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2020/nov/09 /joe-biden-iran.
Vakil, Sanam (2020) A Regional Security Process for the Middle East, in: Vinjamuri, Leslie (Ed), US Foreign Policy Priorities: What Difference Can an Election Make?, Chatham House.
Walker, Ronald A. (2004) Multilateral Conferences Purposeful International Negotiation, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Walt, Stephen (2020) Biden Sees the A-Team. I See the Blob, https://foreignpolicy .com/2020/12/11/biden-sees-the-a-team-i-see-the-blob/.
World Politics Review (2020) U.S. Foreign Policy Under Biden Presidency, https://worldpoliticsreview.s3.amazonaws.com/WPR-Biden-Presidency-US-Foreign-Policy-103020.pdf.
Wright, Robin (2020) The Seven Pillars of Biden’s Foreign Policy, https://www.newyorker .com/news/our-columnists/the-seven-pillars-of-bidens-foreign-policy.
Wright, Robert (2006) An American Foreign Policy That Both Realists and Idealists Should Fall in Love With, https://www.nytimes.com /2006/07/16/opinion/16wright.html.
Wright, Robert (2016) American Foreign Policy Has an Empathy Problem, https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/ american-foreign-policy-has-an-empathy-problem/.
Wright, Robert and Echols, Connor (2020) Progressive Realism; Grading Biden’s Foreign Policy Team: Tony Blinken, https://nonzero.org/ post/biden-forpol-team-1-blinken.