سیاست‏ های ضد تروریستی اتحادیه اروپا؛ روندها، کارآمدی و چشم ‏انداز

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات اروپا دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این مقاله در راستای بررسی اقدامات نهادی و حقوقی اتحادیه اروپا در مبارزه با تروریسم، این سؤال را مطرح کرده است که سیاست‏های ضد تروریستی اتحادیه اروپا چه روندی را تاکنون طی کرده و چه چشم ‏اندازی برای همکاری و همگرایی این اتحادیه در ایفای نقش بازیگری بین‏المللی در مبارزه با تروریسم قابل ‌تصور است؟ بر اساس فرضیه مقاله، مبارزه علیه تروریسم و تأمین امنیت شهروندان اروپایی یکی از اهداف امنیتی مهم اتحادیه اروپا بوده و به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین اولویت‏های این اتحادیه باقی خواهد ماند. اتحادیه اروپا برای افزایش اختیارات نهادهای فراملی در زمینه مبارزه با تروریسم، سیاست‏های عمل‌گرایانه‌تری را در پیش خواهد گرفت و ظرفیت نهادهای اروپایی و همکاری‏های مشترک برای مبارزه با تروریسم در آینده بیشتر تقویت خواهد شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

EU's Anti-Terrorism Policies: Trends, Effectiveness, and Prospects

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Sabbaghian 1
  • Abbas Sarvestani 2
1 .
2 .
چکیده [English]

This article seeks to study the institutional and legal measures taken by the European Union in the fight against terrorism since the beginning of the third millennium as well as the effectiveness and prospects of cooperation among EU states in this area as security issues are considered the greatest challenge to future convergence among the bloc's members. The study identifies the anti-terrorism policies pursued by the EU so far and examines the prospects of cooperation and convergence among the union and the role it can play as an international player in the campaign against terrorism. The article assumes that combating terrorism and ensuring the safety of European citizens would remain one of the major security objectives of the EU and would remain high on its agenda. The EU would pursue more active policies to give transnational institutions more leeway in the fight against terrorism and the potential of European institutions for cooperation on this issue will be further utilized. 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • European Union
  • Terrorism
  • Anti-Terrorism
  • Effectiveness
  • Common Policies
  • Inter-Institutional Cooperation
Bakker, E., & De Graaf, B. (2011), Preventing Lone Wolf Terrorism : Some CT Approaches Addressed, Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol 5, No 5-6.
Bossong, R. (2008), The EU’s Mature Counterterrorism Policy–A Critical Historical and Functional Assessment, LSE, http://www.lse.ac.uk.
Boutin, B., Chauzal, G. (2016), The Foreign Fighter's Phenomenon in the European Union: Profiles, Threats & Policies, International Centre for Counter-Terrorism.
Bunyan, T. (1993), Trevi, Europol and the European state, State watching the new Europe.
Bures, O. (2006), EU Counterterrorism Policy: A Paper Tiger?, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol 18, No 1.
Burgess, J. P. (2007), Social Values and Material Threat: The European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection, International journal of critical infrastructures, Vol 3, No 3-4.
Casale, D. (2008), EU Institutional and Legal Counter-Terrorism Framework, Defence against Terrorism Review, Vol 1, No 1.
Charvat, J. P. I. A. G. (2012), Homeland Security Organization in Defence against Terrorism, IOS Press, Vol. 97 of NATO Science for Peace and Security Series.
Coolsaet, R. (2010), EU Counterterrorism Strategy: Value Added or Chimera?, International affairs, Vol 86, No 4.
Council of the European Union (2008), Council Framework Decision 2008/919/JHA of 28 November 2008 Amending Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA on Combating Terrorism, Official Journal of the European Union.
Argomaniz, Javier, Oldrich Bures & Christian Kaunert (2014), Counter-Terrorism and Intelligence: A Critical Assessment, Intelligence and National Security, Vol 30, No 2-3.
Devoic, B. (2012), The Post-9/11 European Union Counterterrorism Response: Legal-Framework, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey of National Security Affairs.
Didier, B., & Guild, E. (2015), The EU Counter-Terrorism Policy Responses to the Attacks in Paris, Towards an EU Security and Liberty Agenda, Brussel: CEPS.
Eurobarometer, S. (2001), Public Opinion in the European Union, http://ec.europa.eu/ commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/eb/eb56/eb56_en.htm.Last visit: 17/06/2017
Eurobarometer, S. (2006-2015), Public opinion in the European Union, No 65(2006),67(2007),69(2008),71(2009),73(2010),75(2011),78(2012),79(2013),81(2014),83(2015), http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/eb/eb56 /eb56en.
European Parliamen (2017), Preventing Terrorism: Clampdown on Foreign Fighters and Lone Wolves, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20170210IPR61803/preventing-terrorism-clampdown-on-foreign-fighters-and-lone-wolves.
European Parliament (2017), The European Union’s Policies on Counter-Terrorism: Relevance, Coherence and Effectiveness, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/
Europol. (2007-2016). TE-SAT : EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report 2007-2016, Europol, https://www.europol.europa.eu/activities-services/main-reports/eu-terrorism-situation-and-trend-report#fndtn-tabs-0-bottom-2
Fredborn Larsson, J. (2010), A Theoretical Understanding of the Treaty of Lisbon-Neo-functionalist and liberal intergovernmentalist approaches, LUP Students Papers.
Friesen, K. (2007), The Effects of the Madrid and London Subway Bombings on Europe’s View of Terrorism, Human Rights and Human Welfare.
Gavrilovic, J. (2016), The European Fight Against Terrorism, Diversity in Unity or Unity in diversity? M.Sc. thesis, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences.
Hayes, B., & Jones, C. (2013), Catalogue of EU Counter-Terrorism Measures Adopted since 11 September 2001, SECILE: Securing Europe through Counter-Terrorism–Impact, Legitimacy & Effectiveness.
Kirkwood, L. T. (2006), The European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy Origins, Problems, and Prospects, Doctoral dissertation, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School.
McGregor, A. (2006), Jihad and the Rifle Alone:'Abdullah'Azzam and the Islamist Revolution, Journal of Conflict Studies, Vol 23, No 2.
Moravcsik, Andrew & Frank Schimmelfennig (2009), Liberal Intergovernmentalism, in Antje Wiener and Thomas Diez (eds.), European Integration Theory, Oxford University Press.
Nancy, J. (2016), Europeans in 2016: Perceptions and Expectations, Fight Against Terrorism and Radicalisation, Special Eurobarometer of the European arliament, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/20160623PVL00111/Europeans-in-2016-Perceptions-and-expectations-fight-against-terrorism-and-radicalisation%C2%B5
Nugent, N. (2003), Government and Politics of the European Union, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan http://hum.port.ac.uk/europeanstudieshub/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/module-4-extract-2-Sovereignty-intergovernmentalism-and-supranationalism.pdf
Pop, V. (2011), MEPs Call for Review of EU Counter-Terrorism Policies, https://euobserver.com/justice/114636.
Rękawek, K. (2012), European Counterterrorism: Current State of Affairs and Prospects, PISM Polish Institute of International Affairs, No 46 (263).
Renard, T. (2012), EU Counterterrorism Policies and Institutions After the Lisbon Treaty, Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation.
Renard, T. (2017), Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Continental Europe, in: Jacinta Carroll, Counterterrorism, The Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
Saurugger, S. (2013), Theoretical Approaches to European Integration, Palgrave Macmillan.
Situation, E. T. (2013-2017), Trend Report (TE—SAT) Europol.
Spaaij, R. (2011), Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism: Global Patterns, Motivations and Prevention. Springer Science & Business Media.
Wensink, W., Warmenhoven, B., Haasnoot, R., Wesselink, R., Ginkel, B. V., Wittendorp, S. & Rijken, T. (2017), The European Union's Policies on Counter-Terrorism: Relevance, Coherence and Effectiveness, Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs.