Strategic Studies Quarterly

Abstract Historical memory and collective memory are one of the most important components of cultural capital, which reflect the lifestyle, worldview, and civilizational roots of a nation as a plaque and birth certificate, and their protection requires sensitivity of policymakers that the mentioned cultural heritage and it is the basis for the formation of social and national identity. Preservation, strengthening and restoration of memory or collective memory, which is manifested in the form of memory politics, has gained double importance in the modern world, because citizens who are exposed to the cultural components of other societies through mass media, If they are not familiar with the culture of their land, they will inevitably borrow the values and symbols of other cultures. This article, while reviewing the existing theoretical literature about cultural capital and memory policy and its importance for national security, examines some of the traumatic trends in the field of memories and traditions of the Holy Defense on a case-by-case basis and suggests strategies for optimal policy making.

Abstract Security levels are among the elements and components of a security theory. One of the different dimensions of security levels in security studies is its political dimension. The review of security studies indicates that not many researches have been done in this field. This article attempts to examine the Quranic and Narrative bases of the levels of political security and its threats in the security school of Islam. Therefore, Qur'anic and hadith propositions indicating the levels of political security and its threats were extracted using the research and inferential study method. The existence of six individual (micro), community, national (medium), regional, national and international (macro) levels for political security, as well as the possibility of existential threat to the authorities of each level by the authorities of other levels in the school of Islamic Security Among the most important results are inferred from verses and hadiths.

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the results and findings of research projects that have been conducted under the common title of "Problems of Progress and Security of the Province". These projects have been carried out in 11 provinces between 2018 and 2020. Methodologically, all these studies have used the method of in-depth interviews, interaction matrix and review of documents such as land management document of the province. Their analysis method has been based on the qualitative research strategy of structural analysis. In this article, the meta synthesis qualitative analysis method has been used to review the findings of this research. the result of this evaluation indicates that on average, each province had 74 main problems and each study identified 10 main problems as the most influential factors. A comparative look at these top 10 problems of the provinces shows that about 63% of the first problems of the provinces are common, and there is the problem of "inefficiency of the provincial management system" is a common challenge of more than 90% of the provinces, followed by corruption is the second major challenge.

Abstract Good governance follows a series of common and universal principles and procedures that do not depend on a specific geographical environment or time period, but a significant part of governance principles and procedures are always influenced by environmental considerations and depend on time conditions. And it is a special place. Based on this, efficient and desirable governance in a smaller scale like Tehran province requires the investigation of special and unique elements and components of this province. With this assumption, this article examines and analyzes the issues and challenges of local governance in Tehran province. For this purpose, first, by using open interviews with experts and executive officials of the province, issues and challenges are extracted, and then structural analysis of these issues and challenges is carried out using MicMac software. The results and findings indicate that the governance issues and challenges of Tehran province are caused by the four circles of "inefficiency", "dissatisfaction", "deprivation" and "insecurity", which are created by the government rather than the people playing a role in them, and therefore to solve them all, the rules of national and provincial governance should be amended by reducing the role of the government in economic, social, cultural and even political affairs.

Abstract In the past years, developing and implementing policies in the field of whistle-blowing with the aim of realizing public supervision have been pursued by developed countries, which have also provided them with considerable success in controlling administrative corruption. Taking advantage of this capacity and people's participation in dealing with administrative corruption has been favored by the officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran for several years. In this research, an attempt was made to identify the factors affecting the success of the whistle-blowing phenomenon with the meta-combination method and systematic study of 89 articles, including 74 ISI articles from 2000 to 2022 and 15 Persian articles found from internal sources. The final model obtained to recognize and understand the factors affecting the whistle-blowing phenomenon in Iran, in the form of five general categories of organizational factors, human factors, environmental factors, the nature of corruption and possible consequences, in order of importance based on the frequency of factors collected from the subject literature, is introduced. At the end, the factors promoting whistle-blowing in six main axes have been introduced for use in the process of public policy-making in the field of whistle-blowing and its successful implementation in Iran.

Abstract Practice Theory (PT) is one of the latest theoretical achievements in International Relations. This theory consists of different theoretical approaches that focus on studying international practices as stuff of international politics. This article argues that Practice Theory is based on specific meta-theoretical and philosophical foundations, that make it a distinct theory from other International Relations theories. Then, the main objective is to explore and explain the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of Practice Theory. It is argued that Practice Theory is based on “foundational pluralism”; a pluralistic and eclectic ontology, epistemology and methodology that go beyond dualistic metatheory of some other International Relations theories like Constructivism. So that, in relational ontology of Practice Theory dichotomies of reality/mind, theory/practice, structure/agency, constitution/causation, and materialism/ideationalism are all dissolved. Practice Theory epistemology is a pluralistic on implying explanation and understanding, simultaneously. Pluralistic methodology of Practice Theory is a combination of experimentalism, interpretivism and abduction or inference to the best explanation.

Abstract In this article, the concept of "Security Consultant" is introduced as a novel approach in local literature and its theoretical foundations are examined. The main concern of the researcher is to find a specific pattern and framework for the mission of a security consultant, for this purpose, the approach of the United States of America to provide security consultant assistance to the allied countries has been discussed based on the available documents and sources. This research was done by thematic analysis method and the elements and components of the pattern were recognized based on the themes identified in the sources. The case study of the United States consultant model shows that targeting, establishing the integration of actions and dividing specific tasks among the three main institutions in providing security consultant assistance (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defense and USAID); Clarifying the security sector or the target society of the aid receiving country as well as the leveling of these aids are among the main components of the American model of security consultancy.

Abstract According to the theory of “Douglas North”, the existence of multiple centers of power in a country and their competition for obtaining benefits or maximizing their benefits and their capacity to use violence against each other, disrupts the development process. Using North's theory, the main question of the article is: "What is the capacity of Iraqi political groups in terms of violence and what are the strategies to control violence in Iraq?" To answer the research question, this article used library resources to collect data and descriptive-analytical method to analyze the findings. The findings of the article show that "the capacity of Iraqi groups to use violence against each other" in the process of "distribution of benefits" is high, and the most important way to control this capacity, which is considered one of the main obstacles to development, is the "referee" factor. The "referee" factor can guarantee the stable process of development in the transition period and provide conditions for Iraq to be on the verge of becoming a developed country based on the local definition of development by monitoring the process of distributing benefits.

Abstract The current research tries to answer the question that based on the Crisis Cube Model, what was Saudi Arabia's perception of Yemen crisis and what mechanisms did it use to manage the developments? The findings of the research indicate that according to the perception of the Saudi leaders, the crisis in Yemen is at the "A" level of the cube. This country aims to conquer some strategic areas such as Bab al-Mandab, Hadaralmut province and Bandar Makla, Al-Mahrah province and Bandar Nishtun, Bandar Hodeidah and get out of the geographical monopoly in the south and some southwestern areas, control the flow of the Houthis and effectively prevent them from the Shiite System and the federalization of Yemen into a system of regions, has created a crisis, and thirdly, under such conditions, the intelligent management of the crisis and the simultaneous use of aggressive and hard levers (military-security and alliance building) are semi-hard. (siege and economic and livelihood pressure) and soft (political-diplomatic and media) have been put on the agenda to both eliminate the threat of the Houthis and to achieve the geopolitical intentions. The research method is qualitative and the method of data collection is documentary analysis.